Democratization, politics and punishment in Argentina
Democratization, politics and punishment in Argentina
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阿根廷的民主化、政治和惩罚
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发表时间：
2016
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通讯作者：
Máximo Sozzo
中科院分区：
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作者：
Máximo Sozzo
在本文中，我将分析阿根廷在过去三十年的民主化进程中刑事政策的蜕变。过渡初期的特点是精英主义、形式主义和专家驱动的刑罚政策制定模式，产生了几项刑罚温和化的倡议。在这种情况下，产生了某种惩罚性的收缩。这种模式在1990年代发生了变化。在极端的新自由主义改革背景下，出现了一些旨在加重刑罚和扩大刑罚范围的举措，但情况却很矛盾。但在20世纪后半叶，精英阶层对刑罚民粹主义的反应是“自上而下”的，它从根本上改变了刑罚政策的制定模式，并推动了刑罚的大幅增长。2001年危机之后，出现了一股新的“自下而上”的刑罚民粹主义浪潮，这股浪潮得到了围绕受害者形象的强大社会动员的支持。这种刑罚决策方式和取向的根本转变，产生了一种划时代的变化，似乎在刑罚与民主之间建立了一种新的关系。然而，在2000年代中期，一些刑事民粹主义受阻的症状开始出现，造成了今天仍然存在的紧张和矛盾。
In this paper, I will analyze the metamorphosis of penal policy during the process of democratization of the last three decades in Argentina. The beginning of the transition was characterized by an elitist, formalist, and expert-driven mode of penal policy-making that produced several initiatives towards penal moderation. In this context, a certain contraction of punitiveness was produced. This pattern changed in the 1990s. In the context of the extreme neoliberal reforms, some initiatives had emerged oriented towards the increase of penal severity and extension, in an ambivalent landscape. But in the second half of this decade, penal populism emerged “from above” as a reaction of the elites that changed radically the mode of penal policy-making and fueled a great growth of punitiveness. After the crisis of 2001, there was a new wave of penal populism “from below” supported by strong social mobilizations around the figure of the victim. This radical mutation of the mode and orientation of penal policy-making generated an image of an epochal change that seemed to set up a new relationship between penalty and democracy. However, in the mid-2000s some symptoms of blockage of penal populism started to appear, creating tensions and contradictions still present today.