Expert judgment-based fragility assessment of reinforced concrete buildings exposed to fire
Expert judgment-based fragility assessment of reinforced concrete buildings exposed to fire
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ress.2017.05.011
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Rossetto, T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ioannou, I.;Aspinall, W.;Rossetto, T.
火灾会对建筑物造成重大破坏，包括非结构性和结构性的，近几十年来多次火灾引起的建筑物结构故障（例如，[1]）和国际火灾统计数据中反映的火灾累积成本（发达国家火灾造成的经济损失达到国内生产总值的1%）[2]。虽然目前的规范和设计指南（例如[3]）允许结构工程师设计火灾中的主要性能驱动因素，即生命安全，但通常很少考虑或指导（除了一些明显的例外）在建筑物的结构设计阶段，以减轻直接和间接的经济损失，文化和历史损失，声誉损害，或重大结构火灾可能造成的环境损失。此外，如果结构损伤是已知的，在文献中关于火灾损坏结构的修复和加固的信息相对较少[4]。在极端或意外载荷下对结构进行整体的、量化的“损失”估计并不是一个新概念，然而，最近有一种趋势是发展结构火灾损失估计的概率框架（例如，[5]）。这通常是根据太平洋地震工程研究（PEER）框架进行的，该框架用于减轻地震损失（例如，[6]）。任何损失估计程序的一个重要组成部分是量化建筑物的脆弱性;即如果发生危险事件（如地震，海啸，火灾等），建筑物遭受给定程度损坏的可能性。在PEER框架中，建筑物的脆弱性是通过明确纳入在任何可变荷载情况下普遍存在的多种不确定性来源来评估的，原则上也包括火灾荷载。不确定性的来源包括建筑物火灾的特征（例如火灾持续时间和温度，或点火位置）以及建筑物本身的特征（例如通风条件，建筑材料，关键元件的属性等）。
Fires can cause substantial damage to buildings, both non-structural and structural, as evidenced by multiple fire-induced structural failures of buildings in recent decades (eg,[1]) and the substantial cumulative costs of fires reflected in fire statistics internationally (the economic loss due to fire reaches 1% of the Gross Domestic Product in developed countries)[2]. Whilst current codes and design guidance (eg [3]) allow structural engineers to design for the principal performance driver in fire—namely life safety—comparatively little thought or guidance is typically given (with some notable exceptions) during the structural design phase of a building to the mitigation of direct and indirect economic losses, cultural and historical losses, reputational damage, or environmental losses that significant structural fires may cause. Furthermore, if the structural damage is known, there is relatively little information available in the literature on the repair and strengthening of fire-damaged structures [4].Holistic, quantified ‘loss’ estimation for structures under extreme or accidental loads is not a novel concept, however, and there has been a recent trend towards developing probabilistic frameworks for structural fire loss estimation (eg,[5]). This is typically undertaken in line with the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) framework that exists for seismic loss mitigation (eg,[6]). An essential component of any loss estimation procedure is the quantification of a building's fragility; ie the likelihood of the building experiencing damage of a given magnitude, if a hazardous event occurs (eg earthquake, tsunami, fire, etc.). In the PEER framework, a building's fragility is assessed by explicitly incorporating the multiple sources of uncertainty that are prevalent in any variable loading situation, in principle also including fire loading. Sources of uncertainty include the characteristics of a building fire (eg the fire duration and temperature, or the location of ignition) as well as of the building itself (eg the ventilation conditions, construction materials, properties of the critical elements, and so on).