Synthesis and recycling of the mycobacterial cell envelope.
Synthesis and recycling of the mycobacterial cell envelope.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mib.2021.01.012
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Besra GS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abrahams KA;Besra GS
独特的分枝杆菌细胞壁是碳水化合物和脂质的分层结构。细胞壁的结构和生物合成已在很大程度上得到阐明。越来越多的证据表明，每个细胞壁层重塑和回收。有机会发现细胞壁代谢中新的必需酶。细胞壁代谢是结核病药物发现的有效靶点来源。结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）是结核病的病原体，是公认的全球健康问题。由于抗生素耐药性的出现，目前治疗方案的效力受到威胁，迫切需要发现新的抗结核药物和药物靶点。分枝杆菌细胞壁是Mtb的经充分验证的药物靶标，并且由三种适应性大分子结构（肽聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖和分枝菌酸）、一系列复杂脂质和碳水化合物组成。参与细胞壁合成的大多数酶已经建立，而针对重塑和再循环机制的研究却被忽视。本文简要介绍了分枝杆菌细胞壁的合成，并侧重于重塑和回收方面，从而突出了未来的研究机会。
The unique mycobacterial cell wall is a layered structure of carbohydrates and lipids. The architecture and biosynthesis of the cell wall have largely been elucidated. Increasing evidence indicates that each cell wall layer is remodelled and recycled. There are opportunities to discover new essential enzymes in cell wall metabolism. Cell wall metabolism is a validated source of targets for tuberculosis drug discovery. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of the disease tuberculosis, is a recognised global health concern. The efficacy of the current treatment regime is under threat due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, directing an urgent requirement for the discovery of new anti-tubercular agents and drug targets. The mycobacterial cell wall is a well-validated drug target for Mtb and is composed of three adaptive macromolecular structures, peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan and mycolic acids, an array of complex lipids and carbohydrates. The majority of the enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis have been established, whilst studies directed towards the mechanisms of remodelling and recycling have been neglected. This review briefly describes mycobacterial cell wall synthesis, and focuses on aspects of remodelling and recycling, thus highlighting opportunities for future research.
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