Atmosphere Driven Mass-Balance Sensitivity of Halji Glacier, Himalayas
Atmosphere Driven Mass-Balance Sensitivity of Halji Glacier, Himalayas
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DOI：
10.3390/atmos12040426
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发表时间：
2021-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Schneider, Christoph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arndt, Anselm;Scherer, Dieter;Schneider, Christoph
采用PYthon中的COupled积雪和冰表面能量和质量平衡模型（COSIPY），研究了自1981年10月以来40年期间尼泊尔西北部喜马拉雅山脉Halji冰川质量平衡记录对大气驱动力的变化和敏感性之间的关系。COSIPY被迫使用大气再分析数据集ERA 5-Land，该数据集已在统计上缩小到Halji冰川自动气象站的位置。冰川质量平衡模拟与空气温度和降水扰动和遥相关进行了研究。对于1982年至2019年的质量平衡年，平均每年冰川范围的气候质量平衡为每年-0.48米水当量（m w.e.）。a（-1）），年际变化大（标准差0.71 m w.e. a（-1））进行了模拟。这种变异性主要由温度和降水模式决定。Halji冰川对夏季温度和季风相关的降水扰动最为敏感，这反映在与Alzodo的强相关性中。根据模拟结果，气候对气温和降水变化的敏感性是非线性的：平均气温上升（下降）1 K将导致冰川范围内气候物质平衡的变化为-1.43 m w.e.。a（-1）（0.99m w.e. a（-1）），而降水量增加（减少）10%将引起0.45m w.e. a（-1）（-0.59m w.e. a（-1））。在22个环流和季风指数中，只有韦伯斯特和杨季风指数以及极地/欧亚大陆指数与冰川气候物质平衡有显著的相关性。基于强烈的依赖性的气候质量平衡，从夏季的条件下，我们得出结论，在夏季的雪的反馈是至关重要的Halji冰川。这一发现也反映在与韦伯斯特和杨季风指数的相关性。
The COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and mass balance model in PYthon (COSIPY) was employed to investigate the relationship between the variability and sensitivity of the mass balance record of the Halji glacier, in the Himalayas, north-western Nepal, over a 40 year period since October 1981 to atmospheric drivers. COSIPY was forced with the atmospheric reanalysis dataset ERA5-Land that has been statistically downscaled to the location of an automatic weather station at the Halji glacier. Glacier mass balance simulations with air temperature and precipitation perturbations were executed and teleconnections investigated. For the mass-balance years 1982 to 2019, a mean annual glacier-wide climatic mass balance of -0.48 meters water equivalent per year (m w.e. a(-1)) with large interannual variability (standard deviation 0.71 m w.e. a(-1)) was simulated. This variability is dominated by temperature and precipitation patterns. The Halji glacier is mostly sensitive to summer temperature and monsoon-related precipitation perturbations, which is reflected in a strong correlation with albedo. According to the simulations, the climate sensitivity with respect to either positive or negative air temperature and precipitation changes is nonlinear: A mean temperature increase (decrease) of 1 K would result in a change of the glacier-wide climatic mass balance of -1.43 m w.e. a(-1) (0.99m w.e. a(-1)) while a precipitation increase (decrease) of 10% would cause a change of 0.45m w.e. a(-1) (-0.59m w.e. a(-1)). Out of 22 circulation and monsoon indexes, only the Webster and Yang Monsoon index and Polar/Eurasia index provide significant correlations with the glacier-wide climatic mass balance. Based on the strong dependency of the climatic mass balance from summer season conditions, we conclude that the snow-albedo feedback in summer is crucial for the Halji glacier. This finding is also reflected in the correlation of albedo with the Webster and Yang Monsoon index.