Infochemical use and dietary specialization in parasitoids: a meta‐analysis
Infochemical use and dietary specialization in parasitoids: a meta‐analysis
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寄生蜂的信息化学使用和饮食专业化：荟萃分析
作者：
L. van Oudenhove;L. Mailleret;X. Fauvergue
摘要 许多拟寄生物利用嗅觉线索来定位宿主。在三营养系统中，食草动物的寄生蜂可以利用植物在应对食草动物引起的损害时释放的化学混合物，称为食草动物引起的植物挥发物（HIPV）。在这项研究中，我们通过对文献数据的荟萃分析，探讨了寄生蜂对 HIPV 反应的特异性和先天性。基于饮食专业化和信息化学使用的概念，我们假设（i）专业寄生蜂（即，具有狭窄的宿主范围）应该被特定的HIPV信号所吸引，而通用寄生蜂（即，具有广泛的宿主范围）应该被更通用的HIPV信号所吸引，（ii）专业寄生蜂应该天生对HIPV做出反应，而通用寄生蜂应该必须学会将HIPV与宿主的存在联系起来。我们根据已发表的拟寄生物行为研究，描述了 66 种拟寄生物的反应。我们的荟萃分析表明，（i）正如预测的那样，专业寄生蜂比通才寄生蜂更容易被更具体的信号所吸引，但是，（ii）与预期相反，反应先天性取决于寄生蜂的目标宿主生命阶段而不是其宿主专业化程度：幼虫寄生蜂比成虫更有可能表现出对 HIPV 的先天反应。这一结果改变了我们对饮食专业化的理解，并强调了进一步理论研究的必要性，这将有助于阐明寄生蜂对信息化学的使用。
Abstract Many parasitoid species use olfactory cues to locate their hosts. In tritrophic systems, parasitoids of herbivores can exploit the chemical blends emitted by plants in reaction to herbivore‐induced damage, known as herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). In this study, we explored the specificity and innateness of parasitoid responses to HIPVs using a meta‐analysis of data from the literature. Based on the concept of dietary specialization and infochemical use, we hypothesized that (i) specialist parasitoids (i.e., with narrow host ranges) should be attracted to specific HIPV signals, whereas generalist parasitoids (i.e., with broad host ranges) should be attracted to more generic HIPV signals and (ii) specialist parasitoids should innately respond to HIPVs, whereas generalist parasitoids should have to learn to associate HIPVs with host presence. We characterized the responses of 66 parasitoid species based on published studies of parasitoid behavior. Our meta‐analysis showed that (i) as predicted, specialist parasitoids were attracted to more specific signals than were generalist parasitoids but, (ii) contrary to expectations, response innateness depended on a parasitoid's target host life stage rather than on its degree of host specialization: parasitoids of larvae were more likely to show an innate response to HIPVs than were parasitoids of adults. This result changes our understanding of dietary specialization and highlights the need for further theoretical research that will help clarify infochemical use by parasitoids.