Microbial remediation of aromatics-contaminated soil
Microbial remediation of aromatics-contaminated soil
复制标题
芳香烃污染土壤的微生物修复
DOI：
10.1007/s11783-017-0894-x
复制
发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Zhou, Ning-Yi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu, Ying;Zhou, Ning-Yi
芳香族污染的土壤具有致癌性和诱变性，是一个特别值得关注的环境问题。生物修复是一种去除土壤污染物的生物方法，与传统的土壤修复方法相比，具有效率高、完全去除污染物、费用低、限制或不产生二次污染等优点。生物强化是一种广泛应用于土壤修复的生物修复技术，被定义为引入特定的胜任菌株或微生物群落。本文综述了几种成功的单株或混合菌群对芳香污染土壤进行生物强化的研究。近几十年来，关于微生物降解芳烃的代谢机制及其对芳烃污染环境的适应能力的研究已经发表了许多报告。因此，微生物是场地修复的主要参与者。生物修复/生物增强过程依赖于微生物将芳香污染物转化为基本上无害或至少毒性较小的化合物的巨大代谢能力。芳香污染土壤不仅可以通过添加单一菌株，而且可以通过添加细菌或真菌群落来成功地修复。此外，利用微生物与物理、化学或生物因子相结合的新方法提高了芳香污染土壤的修复效率。同时，环境因素对生物强化过程也有明显的影响。生物统计学方法被推荐用于分析生物强化治疗的效果。
Aromatics-contaminated soil is of particular environmental concern as it exhibits carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Bioremediation, a biological approach for the removal of soil contaminants, has several advantages over traditional soil remediation methodologies including high efficiency, complete pollutant removal, low expense and limited or no secondary pollution. Bioaugmentation, defined as the introduction of specific competent strains or consortia of microorganisms, is a widely applied bioremediation technology for soil remediation. In this review, it is concluded which several successful studies of bioaugmentation of aromatics-contaminated soil by single strains or mixed consortia. In recent decades, a number of reports have been published on the metabolic machinery of aromatics degradation by microorganisms and their capacity to adapt to aromatics-contaminated environments. Thus, microorganisms are major players in site remediation. The bioremediation/bioaugmentation process relies on the immense metabolic capacities of microbes for transformation of aromatic pollutants into essentially harmless or, at least, less toxic compounds. Aromatics-contaminated soils are successfully remediated with adding not only single strains but also bacterial or fungal consortia. Furthermore several novel approaches, which microbes combined with physical, chemical or biological factors, increase remediation efficiency of aromatics-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, the environmental factors also have appreciable impacts on the bioaugmentation process. The biostatistics method is recommended for analysis of the effects of bioaugmentation treatments.