Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are both antiviral and proviral.
Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are both antiviral and proviral.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.virol.2010.12.004
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发表时间：
2011-03-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Samuel CE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samuel CE
A-to-I RNA编辑，即在具有双链特征的RNA区域中发生的腺苷（A）脱氨为肌苷（I）的过程，由作用于RNA的腺苷脱氨酶（ADAR）家族催化。在哺乳动物中有三个阿达尔基因。两个编码具有脱氨酶活性的蛋白质：干扰素诱导的ADAR 1和组成型表达的ADAR 2。相比之下，ADAR 3尚未被证明是豆类活性酶。ADAR 1和ADAR 2脱氨酶的特异性范围从高度位点选择性到非选择性，取决于底物RNA的双链体结构。A-to-I编辑是核苷酸取代编辑的一种形式，因为I在翻译过程中被核糖体解码为鸟苷（G）而不是A，在RNA依赖性RNA复制过程中被聚合酶解码为鸟苷（G）。此外，A-to-I编辑可以改变RNA结构的稳定性，因为I：U错配比A：U碱基对更不稳定。病毒和细胞RNA都是由ADAR编辑的。A-to-I编辑具有广泛的生理学意义。A-to-I编辑的结果之一是影响病毒与宿主相互作用的生化变化，这些变化可能导致增强或减少病毒的生长和持久性，这取决于特定的病毒。
A-to-I RNA editing, the deamination of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) that occurs in regions of RNA with double-stranded character, is catalyzed by a family of Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs). In mammals there are three ADAR genes. Two encode proteins that possess demonstrated deaminase activity: ADAR1, which is interferon-inducible, and ADAR2 which is constitutively expressed. ADAR3, by contrast, has not yet been shown to bean active enzyme. The specificity of the ADAR1 and ADAR2 deaminases ranges from highly site-selective to non-selective, dependent on the duplex structure of the substrate RNA. A-to-I editing is a form of nucleotide substitution editing, because I is decoded as guanosine (G) instead of A by ribosomes during translation and by polymerases during RNA-dependent RNA replication. Additionally, A-to-I editing can alter RNA structure stability as I:U mismatches are less stable than A:U base pairs. Both viral and cellular RNAs are edited by ADARs. A-to-I editing is of broad physiologic significance. Among the outcomes of A-to-I editing are biochemical changes that affect how viruses interact with their hosts, changes that can lead to either enhanced or reduced virus growth and persistence dependent upon the specific virus.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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