GENETIC-VARIATION AND PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION DURING ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION
GENETIC-VARIATION AND PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION DURING ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION
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DOI：
10.1086/283642
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
LANDE, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LANDE, R
提出了小群体表型进化的定量遗传模型，从最初的建立事件到持续的随机遗传漂移和向新的最佳表型的自然选择。复杂形态的基本特征是多基因遗传、多等位基因、多效性、重组和突变。还讨论了基因流、近交抑制、基因互作和遗传动态平衡。Simpson的表型适应区(类似于Wright的基因频率适应性拓扑图)是为小种群概率制定的。结论是，Mayr的异地物种形成理论过分强调了广布物种的遗传凝聚力和创始人效应对杂合性和数量遗传变异的影响。然而，关于自然选择的强度和数量性状的自发突变的数据，结合这些模型，为小型孤立种群的实质性和地质上的快速表型进化提供了一个可行的微观进化机制。
Quantitative genetic models of phenotypic evolution in small isolated populations are presented, from the initial founding event to continued random genetic drift and natural selection toward a new optimum phenotype. The basic features of complex morphologies included are polygenic inheritance with multiple allelism, pleiotropy, recombination and mutation. Gene flow, inbreeding depression, gene interaction, and genetic homeostasis are also discussed. Simpson's adaptive zones for phenotypes (analogous to Wright's adaptive topography for gene frequencies) are formulated probabilistically for small populations. It is concluded that Mayr's theory of allopatric speciation overemphasized both the genetic cohesion of widespread species and the founder effect on heterozygosity and quantitative genetic variation. However, data on the strength of natural selection and the spontaneous mutability of quantitative characters, in conjunction with the models, provide a feasible microevolutionary mechanism for substantial and geologically rapid phenotypic evolution in small isolated populations.