Transatlantic Revolutionary Cultures, 1789-1861
Transatlantic Revolutionary Cultures, 1789-1861
复制标题
跨大西洋革命文化，1789-1861 年
DOI：
10.1163/9789004351561
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Charlotte A. Lerg und Heléna Tóth (eds.)
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Charlotte A. Lerg und Heléna Tóth (eds.)
黑人雅各宾派的比喻集中体现了跨大西洋的革命逆流和革命时代大西洋世界根本变革的密切联系。当法国大革命在加勒比地区引发奴隶起义时，大西洋世界的革命事件，即海地革命，对大都市的革命产生了决定性的影响。[1]虽然自那以后，黑人雅各宾派的比喻在跨大西洋革命的话语中一直很突出，但它的谱系却很少被探索;这篇文章试图解决的一个空白。出生于特立尼达的马克思主义者詹姆斯是第一个在他的海地革命开创性历史中以黑人雅各宾派的比喻将这些跨大西洋的相互作用理论化的人，《黑人雅各宾派：杜桑·卢维杜尔和圣多明各革命》（1938/63）。[2]这个比喻几乎成了詹姆斯历史的同义词，但他的立场可以与早期使用的描绘黑人雅各宾派的图像进行富有成效的对比。此外，尽管近来人们对詹姆斯的史诗有了更多的关注，但詹姆斯对这一比喻的矛盾用法仍然没有得到充分的研究。[3]因此，在这里，对詹姆斯运用黑人雅各宾派比喻的阐述是绝对必要的。在他的研究中，詹姆斯把海地革命的主要领导人之一杜桑·卢维杜尔和奴隶群众同时塑造成黑人。
The trope of the Black Jacobins epitomizes transatlantic revolutionary crosscurrents and the close nexus of the fundamental transformations in the Atlantic world during the age of revolution. While the French Revolution precipitated slave revolts in the Caribbean, the revolutionary events in the Atlantic world, namely the Haitian Revolution, had decisive repercussions on the revolution in the metropole. 1 While the trope of the Black Jacobins has been prominent in the discourse on transatlantic revolutions ever since, its genealogy has rarely been explored; a lacuna that this essay seeks to address. Trinidad-born Marxist CLR James was the first to theorize these transatlantic interactions in the trope of the Black Jacobins in his ground-breaking history of the Haitian Revolution, The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution (1938/63). 2 The trope has become almost synonymous with James’ history, but his positions can be fruitfully contrasted with earlier uses of images depicting the Black Jacobins. Moreover, despite heightened recent engagement with his eponymous history, James’ contradictory uses of this trope have remained curiously underexplored. 3 Thus, an exposition of James’ deployment of the Black Jacobin trope is absolutely essential here. In his study, James casts one of the major leaders of the Haitian Revolution, Toussaint Louverture, and, simultaneously, the slave masses as Black