Same-Sex Sexualities and the Globalization of Human Rights Discourse
Same-Sex Sexualities and the Globalization of Human Rights Discourse
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同性性行为与人权话语的全球化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Carl F. Stychin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carl F. Stychin
在过去的十年里，同性恋权利领域发生了一场“全球化的双重运动”。一方面，人权全球化已经发生，人权已成为衡量国家“进步”的关键标准。另一方面，同性性行为作为身份认同的全球化。这些运动在推动全世界更多地承认同性恋权利的过程中，可能会相互冲突，而不是相辅相成：抵制世界各地对同性恋权利的主张，往往植根于基于民族自决权利语言的社区主张。然而，这篇文章认为--主要是通过使用案例研究(塔斯马尼亚、津巴布韦和罗马尼亚)--当地的同性恋权利活动家可以而且已经成功地利用了普遍人权的话语。这是通过使用几种战略实现的：承认多重和相互交错的身份；发展一种使国际法律标准成为“一个民族的本质”的一部分的话语；以及在国家社区范围内恢复真实的同性恋历史。通过这种方式，同性恋权利活动家能够在当地和全球的话语之间无缝地移动。文章的结论是，同性恋权利斗争最终将取得最大成功，因为他们不仅根据国际人权标准保护个人的人权，而且还在更大社会的社区政治辩论层面上争取包容。
In the past decade, a “double movement of globalization” has taken place in the realm of gay rights. On the one hand, a globalization of human rights has occurred, whereby human rights have become a key criterion by which the “progress” of nations is evaluated. On the other hand, there has been a globalization of same-sex sexualities as identities. These movements have the potential to conflict with, rather than complement, each other in terms of progressing toward a greater recognition of gay rights worldwide: resistance to cosmopolitan claims to gay rights is often grounded in communitarian claims based in the language of the right of self-determination of a people. The article argues, however—largely through the use of case studies (Tasmania, Zimbabwe, and Romania)— that the discourse of universal human rights can and has been used successfully by local gay rights activists. This has taken place through the use of several strategies: the recognition of multiple and intersecting identities; the development of a discourse by which international legal standards become part of the “essence of a people”; and by the reclaiming of an authentic gay past within a national community context. In this way, gay rights activists have become able to move seamlessly between discourses of the local and the global. Ultimately, the article concludes, gay rights struggles will be most successful when they not only engage in the protection of human rights for individuals based on international human rights standards but also fight for inclusion at the level of communitarian political debate within the larger society.