Not so Sweet Revenge: Unanticipated Consequences of High-Intensity Sweeteners.
Not so Sweet Revenge: Unanticipated Consequences of High-Intensity Sweeteners.
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不那么甜蜜的复仇：高强度甜味剂的意外后果。
DOI：
10.1007/s40614-015-0028-3
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Swithers,SusanE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Swithers,SusanE
虽然过去几十年超重和肥胖的显著增加不是单一因素造成的，但现在的证据表明，总的来说，糖类，尤其是含糖饮料，可能是特别有问题的。对这一担忧的一个反应是，非热量甜味剂作为糖的替代品的供应和使用出现了爆炸性增长。虽然消费者被引导相信这种替代品是健康的，但一些队列中的长期流行病学数据表明，在使用人工甜味剂的人中，出现2型糖尿病、心脏病和中风等负面后果的风险增加。来自动物的实验数据提供了几种合理的机制来解释这种违反直觉的关系。特别是，我的研究表明，人工甜味剂似乎干扰了甜味和摄入后的后果(如能量输送)之间基本的、可预测的关系。通过干扰这些关系，人工甜味剂抑制了通常用于维持生理动态平衡的预期反应，从长远来看，这种干扰可能会导致负面的健康影响，就像人类队列研究中看到的那样。这些数据表明，减少所有甜味剂的摄入量是促进健康的明智之举。
While no single factor accounts for the significant increases in overweight and obesity that have emerged during the past several decades, evidence now suggests that sugars, in general, and sugar-sweetened beverages, in particular, may be especially problematic. One response to this concern has been an explosion in the availability and use of noncaloric sweeteners as replacements for sugar. While consumers have been led to believe that such substitutes are healthy, long-term epidemiological data in a number of cohorts have documented increased risk for negative outcomes like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke among users of artificial sweeteners. Experimental data from animals has provided several plausible mechanisms that could explain this counterintuitive relationship. In particular, my research has demonstrated that artificial sweeteners appear to interfere with basic learned, predictive relations between sweet tastes and post-ingestive consequences such as the delivery of energy. By interfering with these relations, artificial sweeteners inhibit anticipatory responses that normally serve to maintain physiological homeostasis, and over the long term, this interference could result in negative health effects like those seen in the human cohort studies. These data suggest that reducing the consumption of all sweeteners is advisable to promote better health.