Physiological maturity at a critical life-history transition and flight ability at fledging
Physiological maturity at a critical life-history transition and flight ability at fledging
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.12777
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Williams, Tony D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cornell, Allison;Gibson, Kate F.;Williams, Tony D.
发育成熟度（如身体状况，体重）在主要的生活史过渡是众所周知的影响健身在广泛的分类群。雏鸟（离开巢），一个主要的生活史的过渡，在鸟类，与高后雏鸟死亡率，并被广泛认为是有关的雏鸟，这反过来，可能与发展成熟的雏鸟的初始飞行能力差。我们调查了个体的身体和生理特征的发育成熟度的变化，在这个关键的生活史的过渡，在不同的生态环境（年，第一或第二窝），以确定的重要性，生理特征相关的携氧能力（红细胞压积，血红蛋白）的个体差异，在初步的飞行能力在羽翼未丰。血红蛋白浓度和红细胞压积在羽翼未丰有更高的变异比体细胞性状，更多变的生态环境。此外，初生的血红蛋白浓度是所有性状中发育最不成熟的（平均只有成年浓度的78%）。第二窝雏鸟的所有特征（除了跗骨）都不如第一窝雏鸟发育成熟，红细胞压积和血红蛋白浓度是发育最不成熟的特征（第一窝与第二窝，红细胞压积：471%对409%;血红蛋白：133对116 gdL（-1））。模型预测的个体差异在两个方面的初始飞行能力（总能量增益，起飞角度）显着改善时，生理性状（特别是血红蛋白）被纳入模型的基础上体细胞性状。
Developmental maturity (e.g. body condition, body mass) at major life-history transitions is known to affect fitness across a wide range of taxa. Fledging (leaving the nest), a major life-history transition in birds, is associated with high post-fledging mortality and is widely assumed to be related to poor initial flight ability of fledglings, which, in turn, might be related to developmental maturity at fledging. We investigated individual variation in developmental maturity of both somatic and physiological traits at this critical life-history transition in different ecological contexts (year, first or second broods) to determine the importance of physiological traits related to oxygen-carrying capacity (haematocrit, haemoglobin) for individual variation in initial flight ability at fledging. Haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit at fledging had much higher variance than somatic traits and were more variable across ecological contexts. Furthermore, fledgling haemoglobin concentration was the least developmentally mature of all traits (on average, only 78% of adult concentration). Fledglings from second broods, which are known to have lower post-fledging survival, were less developmentally mature than fledglings from first broods for all traits (except tarsus), with haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration being the most developmentally immature traits (in first vs. second broods, haematocrit: 471% vs. 409%; haemoglobin: 133 vs. 116gdL(-1)). Models predicting individual variation in two aspects of initial flight ability (total energy gain, take-off angle) were significantly improved when physiological traits (in particular haemoglobin) were incorporated into models based on somatic traits.