Forensic DNA phenotyping and its politics of legitimation and contestation: Views of forensic geneticists in Europe.
Forensic DNA phenotyping and its politics of legitimation and contestation: Views of forensic geneticists in Europe.
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DOI：
10.1177/0306312720945033
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发表时间：
2023-12
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Machado, Helena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Granja, Rafaela;Machado, Helena
法医DNA表型分析（Forensic DNA Phenotyping，FDP）是一套旨在推断人类外部可见特征的技术-例如眼睛，头发和肤色-以及基于生物材料的未知人的地理祖先。不同司法管辖区在为数不多的重大案件中采用了FDP，为刑事调查提供情报。关于FDP的可靠性和有效性存在持续的争议，同时也存在关于在刑事司法系统中使用这种技术所带来的道德挑战的辩论。我们的研究探讨了如何，在复杂的政治合法化的背景下，在使用FDP，法医遗传学家在欧洲认为这项技术的潜在应用，效用和风险。法医遗传学家执行几种形式的话语边界工作，区分科学和刑事司法系统，专家和非专家，以及好的和坏的科学。这种形式的边界工作重建了维斯维斯法律的和科学现实的复杂定位。特别是，在调动对FDP的兴趣的同时，法医遗传学家同时开拓了风险，问责制和科学行为的概念，这些概念与FDP在刑事司法系统中的影响保持距离。
Forensic DNA Phenotyping (FDP) is a set of techniques that aim to infer externally visible characteristics in humans – such as eye, hair and skin color – and biogeographical ancestry of an unknown person, based on biological material. FDP has been applied in various jurisdictions in a limited number of high-profile cases to provide intelligence for criminal investigations. There are on-going controversies about the reliability and validity of FDP, which come together with debates about the ethical challenges emerging from the use of this technology in the criminal justice system. Our study explores how, in the context of complex politics of legitimation of and contestation over the use of FDP, forensic geneticists in Europe perceive this technology’s potential applications, utility and risks. Forensic geneticists perform several forms of discursive boundary work, making distinctions between science and the criminal justice system, experts and non-experts, and good and bad science. Such forms of boundary work reconstruct the complex positioning vis-à-vis legal and scientific realities. In particular, while mobilizing interest in FDP, forensic geneticists simultaneously carve out notions of risk, accountability and scientific conduct that perform distance from FDP’ implications in the criminal justice system.
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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通讯作者：
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