A season for all things: Phenological imprints in Wikipedia usage and their relevance to conservation
A season for all things: Phenological imprints in Wikipedia usage and their relevance to conservation
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万物皆有的季节：维基百科使用中的物候印记及其与保护的相关性
作者：
J. Mittermeier;U. Roll;T. Matthews;Richard Grenyer
物候在许多人与自然的相互作用中起着重要的作用，但这些季节性模式在保护中往往被忽视。在这里，我们提供了第一个广泛的探索季节性模式的兴趣在自然界中的许多物种和文化。使用来自维基百科的数据，我们分析了245种语言中31，751种文章的23.3亿次浏览量。我们发现，季节性在人们如何以及何时与植物和动物在线互动方面起着重要作用。总的来说，在我们的数据集中，超过25%的物种在至少一个语言版本的页面中表现出季节性模式，并且季节性在植物和动物页面中比在随机选择的维基百科文章中更普遍。不同分类分支的浏览量季节性不同，反映了物候学中可观察到的模式，昆虫和开花植物等群体的季节性高于哺乳动物。维基百科各语言版本之间的差异是显著的;在较高纬度地区使用的语言页面总体上表现出更大的季节性，并且物种很少在多个语言版本中显示相同的模式。这些结果与保护政策的制定和提高我们对人类对生物多样性兴趣的理解有关。
Phenology plays an important role in many human–nature interactions, but these seasonal patterns are often overlooked in conservation. Here, we provide the first broad exploration of seasonal patterns of interest in nature across many species and cultures. Using data from Wikipedia, a large online encyclopedia, we analyzed 2.33 billion pageviews to articles for 31,751 species across 245 languages. We show that seasonality plays an important role in how and when people interact with plants and animals online. In total, over 25% of species in our data set exhibited a seasonal pattern in at least one of their language-edition pages, and seasonality is significantly more prevalent in pages for plants and animals than it is in a random selection of Wikipedia articles. Pageview seasonality varies across taxonomic clades in ways that reflect observable patterns in phenology, with groups such as insects and flowering plants having higher seasonality than mammals. Differences between Wikipedia language editions are significant; pages in languages spoken at higher latitudes exhibit greater seasonality overall, and species seldom show the same pattern across multiple language editions. These results have relevance to conservation policy formulation and to improving our understanding of what drives human interest in biodiversity.