Changes in Traffic Crash Rates After Legalization of Marijuana: Results by Crash Severity
Changes in Traffic Crash Rates After Legalization of Marijuana: Results by Crash Severity
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DOI：
10.15288/jsad.2022.83.494
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发表时间：
2022-07-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Woods, Amber N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farmer, Charles M.;Monfort, Samuel S.;Woods, Amber N.
目的：这项研究的目的是估计大麻合法化和随后的零售销售对2009-2019年期间美国受伤和致命交通事故率的影响。方法：每个州每英里旅行的季度撞车率被建模为时间，失业率，最高限速，安全带使用率，酒精使用率，在农村道路上行驶的英里数百分比以及合法化的娱乐性大麻使用和销售指标的函数。结果如下：娱乐性使用大麻的合法化与伤害事故率增加6.5%和致命事故率增加2.3%有关，但随后零售大麻销售的开始并没有引起额外的实质性变化。因此，合法化和零售销售的综合影响是受伤事故率增加5.8%，致命事故率增加4.1%。在各州，对受伤事故率的影响从7%下降到18%上升不等。对致命事故率的影响范围从10%的下降到4%的上升。结论：娱乐性大麻合法化后受伤和致命车祸率的估计增加与早期的研究一致，但各州的影响各不相同。由于这是对时间趋势的早期观察，研究人员和政策制定者需要继续监测数据。(J.酒精药物研究，83，494-501，2022）
Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of marijuana legalization and the subsequent onset of retail sales on injury and fatal traffic crash rates in the United States during the period 2009-2019. Method: State-by-state quarterly crash rates per mile of travel were modeled as a function of time, unemployment rate, maximum posted speed limit, seat belt use rate, alcohol use rate, percent of miles driven on rural roads, and indicators of legalized recreational marijuana use and sales. Results: Legalization of the recreational use of marijuana was associated with a 6.5% increase in injury crash rates and a 2.3% increase in fatal crash rates, but the subsequent onset of retail marijuana sales did not elicit additional substantial changes. Thus, the combined effect of legalization and retail sales was a 5.8% increase in injury crash rates and a 4.1% increase in fatal crash rates. Across states, the effects on injury crash rates ranged from a 7% decrease to an 18% increase. The effects on fatal crash rates ranged from a 10% decrease to a 4% increase. Conclusions: The estimated increases in injury and fatal crash rates after recreational marijuana legalization are consistent with earlier studies, but the effects varied across states. Because this is an early look at the time trends, researchers and policymakers need to con-tinue monitoring the data. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 83, 494-501, 2022)