Distribution, Density, and Biomass of Introduced Small Mammals in the Southern Mariana Islands1
Distribution, Density, and Biomass of Introduced Small Mammals in the Southern Mariana Islands1
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南马里亚纳群岛引进的小哺乳动物的分布、密度和生物量1
DOI：
10.2984/049.063.0204
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
G. Rodda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Wiewel;A. Y. Yackel Adams;G. Rodda
摘要：虽然人们普遍认为，引进的小型哺乳动物对岛屿生态有不利影响，但我们对这些影响的理解往往受到小型哺乳动物分布，密度和生物量不完整知识的限制。这种信息在马里亚纳群岛尤其重要，因为那里的小型哺乳动物密度与棕树蛇（Boiga irregularis）控制工具（如老鼠引诱剂陷阱）的有效性呈反比。我们采用标记-再捕获采样法，以确定引进的小型哺乳动物的分布，密度和生物量在关岛，罗塔，塞班岛，天宁岛的主要栖息地，包括草地，银合欢林，和原生石灰岩林。在捕获的五个物种中，黄家鼠（Robins等人，2007年）在各生境和岛屿中最常见。与此相反，小家鼠很少被捕获的森林网站，臭鼬没有被捕获的罗塔，和R。exulans和R.捕获褐家鼠并不常见。模拟结果表明，新恐惧症，岛屿，性别，生殖状况，降雨量影响R。而时间、岛屿和捕获异质性影响S. murinus和M.肌肉捕获概率。罗塔岛、塞班岛和天宁岛上的密度和生物量比关岛大得多，这很可能是后者受到棕树蛇捕食压力的结果。Diardii和M.草地的小家鼠密度和生物量最大，而草地的小家鼠密度和生物量最大。银合欢林中鼠密度和生物量最大。在这项研究中记录的高密度表明，引进的小型哺乳动物（特别是R。diardii）正在影响马里亚纳群岛本土动物群和植物群的丰度和多样性。此外，依赖于老鼠引诱剂的棕树蛇控制和管理工具在罗塔岛、塞班岛和天宁岛的效果不如在关岛。如果棕树蛇在这些岛屿上定居，即使本土物种减少或灭绝，高密度引入的小型哺乳动物种群也可能会促进和支持高密度棕树蛇种群。
Abstract: Although it is generally accepted that introduced small mammals have detrimental effects on island ecology, our understanding of these effects is frequently limited by incomplete knowledge of small mammal distribution, density, and biomass. Such information is especially critical in the Mariana Islands, where small mammal density is inversely related to effectiveness of Brown Tree Snake (Boiga irregularis) control tools, such as mouse-attractant traps. We used mark-recapture sampling to determine introduced small mammal distribution, density, and biomass in the major habitats of Guam, Rota, Saipan, and Tinian, including grassland, Leucaena forest, and native limestone forest. Of the five species captured, Rattus diardii (sensu Robins et al. 2007) was most common across habitats and islands. In contrast, Mus musculus was rarely captured at forested sites, Suncus murinus was not captured on Rota, and R. exulans and R. norvegicus captures were uncommon. Modeling indicated that neophobia, island, sex, reproductive status, and rain amount influenced R. diardii capture probability, whereas time, island, and capture heterogeneity influenced S. murinus and M. musculus capture probability. Density and biomass were much greater on Rota, Saipan, and Tinian than on Guam, most likely a result of Brown Tree Snake predation pressure on the latter island. Rattus diardii and M. musculus density and biomass were greatest in grassland, whereas S. murinus density and biomass were greatest in Leucaena forest. The high densities documented during this research suggest that introduced small mammals (especially R. diardii) are impacting abundance and diversity of the native fauna and flora of the Mariana Islands. Further, Brown Tree Snake control and management tools that rely on mouse attractants will be less effective on Rota, Saipan, and Tinian than on Guam. If the Brown Tree Snake becomes established on these islands, high-density introduced small mammal populations will likely facilitate and support a high-density Brown Tree Snake population, even as native species are reduced or extirpated.