REDD in the red: palm oil could undermine carbon payment schemes
REDD in the red: palm oil could undermine carbon payment schemes
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1755-263x.2009.00047.x
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Ghazoul, Jaboury
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Butler, Rhett A.;Koh, Lian Pin;Ghazoul, Jaboury
作为应对全球变暖、资助森林保护和为农村人口带来经济利益的一种方式，减少毁林和森林退化造成的碳排放（REDD）的机制一直在不断发展。然而，REDD 计划的经济可行性将取决于替代土地用途的盈利能力。过去几十年来，油棕农业已成为热带森林砍伐的主要驱动力。在这里，我们对将森林转变为油棕与为 REDD 项目保护森林的盈利能力进行了建模和比较。我们表明，对于土地所有者来说，将一公顷森林转变为棕榈油生产将比保留森林以获得碳信用额（614-994 美元）更有利可图（净现值为 3,835-9,630 美元），而碳信用额目前仅限于自愿碳市场。给予 REDD 信用与合规市场中交易的碳信用价格同等的价格将提高避免毁林的盈利能力（高达 6,605 美元）。除非2012年后的全球气候政策使避免砍伐森林的碳信用额交易合法化，否则REDD将无法与油棕农业或其他类似的有利可图的人类活动竞争，作为一种具有经济吸引力的土地利用选择，在这种情况下，REDD将无法履行其避免砍伐森林的主要功能。
Mechanisms to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) have been gaining momentum as a way to combat global warming, fund forest conservation, and deliver economic benefits to rural populations. However, the economic viability of REDD schemes will depend on the profitability of alternative land uses. Oil palm agriculture has become a major driver of tropical deforestation over the last few decades. Here, we model and compare the profitability of converting forest to oil palm versus conserving it for an REDD project. We show that converting a hectare of forest for palm oil production will be more profitable (yielding net present values of $3,835-$9,630) to land owners than preserving it for carbon credits ($614-$994), which are currently restricted to voluntary carbon markets. Giving REDD credits price parity with carbon credits traded in compliance markets would boost the profitability of avoided deforestation (up to $6,605). Unless post-2012 global climate policies legitimize the trading of carbon credits from avoided deforestation, REDD will not be able to compete with oil palm agriculture or other similarly profitable human activities as an economically attractive land-use option, in which case REDD will not be able to fulfill its primary function of avoiding deforestation.