Chemistry, processing and toxicology of annatto (Bixa orellana L.).
Chemistry, processing and toxicology of annatto (Bixa orellana L.).
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胭脂红 (Bixa orellana L.) 的化学、加工和毒理学。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
D. Rao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Satyanarayana;P. P. Rao;D. Rao
商业红木是引进的常绿灌木或小乔木L的干燥种子
广泛分布在热带地区。从红木种子中提取的橙红色主要用作食用色素。它的负责人
应用于给黄油和奶酪上色。红桃色也被广泛用于软饮料、糖果等食品中，
人造黄油、冰淇淋、鱼制品等。红木中因类胡萝卜素而产生的橙红色占80%以上
种皮，由顺式联欣[甲基氢(9‘Z)-6，6’-阿普胡萝卜素-6，6‘-二酸甲酯]组成，在溶液中加热时转化为
更稳定的反式异构体和黄色降解产物。从白僵菌种子中分离和鉴定出的各种成分
描述。还讨论了从脂类中分离和鉴定的次要类胡萝卜素和化合物。色素的提取
用几种方法测定了红木种皮中的物质。商业制剂由溶液或
将色素悬浮在植物油中或在稀碱性溶液中以水的形式悬浮。毒理学研究及其应用
还审查了粮农组织/世卫组织的评估。关于红木颜色的国家和国际标准和立法是
呈上了。
Annatto of commerce is the dried seed of Bixa orellana L, an evergreen shrub or small tree, which has been introduced
widely throughout the tropics. The orange red colour extracted from annatto seeds is mainly used as a food colour. Its chief
application is in colouring butter and cheese. Annatto colour is also used world wide in foods like soft drinks, sugar confectionery,
margarine, ice cream, fish products, etc. The orange red colour due to the carotenoids constitutes more than 80% in the annatto
seed coat, consists of cis-bixin [methyl hydrogen (9'Z)-6,6'-apocarotene-6, 6'-dioate], which on heating in solution converts to a
more stable trans isomer and a yellow degradation product. Various constituents isolated and identified from B.orellana seeds are
described. Minor carotenoids and compounds from lipid portion isolated and identified are also discussed. Extraction of colouring
matter from the seed coat of annatto by several methods have been surveyed. Commercial preparations consist of solution or
suspension of the pigment in vegetable oil or in water-soluble form in dilute alkaline solution. The toxicological studies and their
assessment by FAO/WHO have also been reviewed. National and international standards and legislations on annatto colour are
presented.