Central neural control of the cardiovascular system: current perspectives
Central neural control of the cardiovascular system: current perspectives
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DOI：
10.1152/advan.00027.2016
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Dampney, Roger A. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dampney, Roger A. L.
这篇简短的综述是基于2015年实验生物学会议上美国生理学会大脑和系统控制教学复习课程上的一次演讲，旨在总结大脑中调节自主神经流出到心血管系统的主要机制的当前概念。这种心血管调节机制不是孤立地运作，而是与呼吸和其他调节机制密切协调以维持体内平衡。大脑通过两种一般方式调节心血管系统：1）前馈调节，通常称为“中央命令”，以及2）反馈或反射调节。在大多数情况下（例如，在运动、防御行为、睡眠等期间），这两种一般机制都有助于总体心血管稳态。该综述首先描述了机制和中央回路subserving压力感受器，化学感受器，和其他反射，共同调节血压和血氧的适当水平，然后考虑大脑机制，保护身体免受更复杂的环境挑战，使用脱水和冷热应激为例。综述的最后一部分考虑了调节与不同行为相关的心血管功能的中枢机制，特别关注防御行为和运动。
This brief review, which is based on a lecture presented at the American Physiological Society Teaching Refresher Course on the Brain and Systems Control as part of the Experimental Biology meeting in 2015, aims to summarize current concepts of the principal mechanisms in the brain that regulate the autonomic outflow to the cardiovascular system. Such cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms do not operate in isolation but are closely coordinated with respiratory and other regulatory mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. The brain regulates the cardiovascular system by two general means: 1) feedforward regulation, often referred to as "central command," and 2) feedback or reflex regulation. In most situations (e.g., during exercise, defensive behavior, sleep, etc.), both of these general mechanisms contribute to overall cardiovascular homeostasis. The review first describes the mechanisms and central circuitry subserving the baroreceptor, chemoreceptor, and other reflexes that work together to regulate an appropriate level of blood pressure and blood oxygenation and then considers the brain mechanisms that defend the body against more complex environmental challenges, using dehydration and cold and heat stress as examples. The last section of the review considers the central mechanisms regulating cardiovascular function associated with different behaviors, with a specific focus on defensive behavior and exercise.