Fundamental cryobiology of reproductive cells and tissues
Fundamental cryobiology of reproductive cells and tissues
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2004.03.002
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发表时间：
2004-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Critser, JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Woods, EJ;Benson, JD;Critser, JK
在世纪的后半叶，哺乳动物的生殖技术取得了长足的进步，包括体外生产植入前胚胎和胚胎性别鉴定，甚至在某些物种中进行克隆。然而，在大多数情况下，非冷冻保存的生殖细胞（即，精子或卵母细胞）和组织（即，睾丸组织或卵巢组织）是有问题的，这是由于供体-受体同步的困难和传染性病原体传播的可能性，这累积地限制了这些技术的广泛应用。因此，迫切需要开发用于许多物种的生殖细胞和组织的最佳冷冻保存方法。今天，冷冻解冻的精子和胚胎已经成为动物农业、实验动物基因组库、人类精子库和不育计划的一个组成部分。然而，尽管广泛实施，目前用于冷冻保存公牛精子的协议，例如，仍然是次优的，并且不能容易地外推到其他物种的精子。类似地，成功用于小鼠和牛的胚胎冷冻方案在应用于其他物种的胚胎或相关细胞类型卵母细胞时收效甚微。迄今为止，除了小鼠卵母细胞，几乎所有哺乳动物物种的卵母细胞都被证明很难成功地冷冻保存。目前，有越来越多的兴趣来了解负责这些低存活率的基础冷冻生物学的基本原理，努力开发更好的冷冻保存方法的卵母细胞。此外，人们对开发最佳分离和冷冻保存最早期雄性（精原细胞、精子细胞）和雌性（原始卵泡）生殖细胞的技术越来越感兴趣，随后在体外成熟到所需的阶段。雌性配子成熟，受精和胚胎发育完全在体外条件下从原始卵泡已经在小鼠中实现，但是这种和其他物种的技术仍然处于发展的早期阶段。此外，随着最近在卵胞浆内精子注射（ICSI）以及配子分离和成熟方面取得的进展，已经密切关注以性腺组织形式冷冻保存配子（即，睾丸组织和卵巢组织），包含雄性（精原细胞、精子细胞和精子）和雌性（原始、次级）生殖系的不同发育阶段。(C)2004年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
During the last half of the 20th century there have been considerable advancements in mammalian reproductive technologies, including in vitro production of pre-implantation embryos and embryo sexing, and even cloning in some species. However, in most cases, management of non-cryopreserved reproductive cells (i.e., spermatozoa or oocytes) and tissues (i.e., testicular tissue or ovarian tissue) is problematic due to difficulties in donor-recipient synchronization and the potential for transmission of infectious pathogens, which cumulatively limits widespread application of these techniques. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of optimum cryopreservation methods for reproductive cells and tissues from many species. Today frozen-thawed spermatozoa and embryos have become an integral component of animal agriculture, laboratory animal genome banking, and human sperm banking and infertility programs. However, although widely implemented, the protocols currently used to cryopreserve bull sperm, for example, are still suboptimal, and cannot readily be extrapolated to other species' sperm. Similarly, embryo-freezing protocols successfully used for mouse and cattle have yielded little success when applied to some other species' embryos, or to a related cell type, oocytes. To date, with the exception of mouse oocytes, almost all mammalian species' oocytes studied have proven very difficult to successfully cryopreserve. Currently, there is a growing interest to understand the underlying cryobiological fundamentals responsible for these low survival rates in an effort to develop better cryopreservation methods for oocytes. Additionally, there is growing interest in developing technologies for the optimal isolation and cryopreservation of the earliest stage of male (spermatogonia, spermatids) and female (primordial follicle) germ cells, with subsequent maturation to the desired stage in vitro. Female gamete maturation, fertilization, and embryo development entirely under in vitro conditions from primordial follicles has been achieved in mice, however techniques for this and other species are still very early in their development. Furthermore, with the recent advances made in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and gamete isolation and maturation, close attention has been given to cryopreservation of gametes in the form of gonadal tissue (i.e., testicular tissue and ovarian tissue) containing various developmental stages of male (spermatogonia, spermatids, and spermatozoa) and female (primordial, secondary) germ lines. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.