Interactions between fleshy fruits and frugivores in a tropical seasonal forest in Thailand
Interactions between fleshy fruits and frugivores in a tropical seasonal forest in Thailand
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-002-1073-7
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Noma, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kitamura, S;Yumoto, T;Noma, N
大型食果动物被认为是许多热带植物物种的重要种子传播者。它们作为种子传播者的作用在东南亚并不为人所知，那里退化的景观通常缺乏这些动物。互动259（65科）脊椎动物分散的水果和食果动物（包括白头翁7种，鸽子1种，犀鸟4种，松鼠2种，灵猫3种，长颈鹿2种，猕猴1种，熊2种，鹿2种，和1种大象）在泰国Kbao Yai国家公园的热带季节性森林中进行了为期3年的研究。目的是研究大型食果动物之间的饮食重叠和他们消费的水果的特点。大多数水果被不同种类的食果动物所食用;没有发现特定水果与食果动物之间的密切关系。服务于给定植物物种的食果动物群体的数量与种子大小呈负相关。此外，鳞茎消耗的果实/种子直径显着小于其他九组消耗。这些水果特征的趋势与东南亚其他地方观察到的一致：小水果和大，软水果与许多小种子被广泛的食果动物消费，而较大的水果与单个大种子被相对较少的潜在传播者消费。重要的是，这些大的单种子水果不会被东南亚小森林片段和退化地区的小型食果动物食用。为了确保种子在森林中的自然传播过程，东南亚迫切需要对森林中所有食果动物群体进行评估。
Large frugivores are considered to be important seed dispersers for many tropical plant species. Their roles as seed dispersers are not well known in Southeast Asia, where degraded landscapes typically lack these animals. Interactions between 259 (65 families) vertebrate-dispersed fruits and frugivorous animals (including 7 species of bulbul, 1 species of pigeon, 4 species of hornbill, 2 species of squirrel, 3 species of civet, 2 species of gibbon, 1 species of macaque, 2 species of bear, 2 species of deer, and 1 species of elephant) were studied for 3 years in a tropical seasonal forest in Kbao Yai National Park, Thailand. The purpose was to examine the dietary overlaps among the large frugivores and the characteristics of fruits they consumed. Most fruit species are eaten by various kinds of frugivores; no close relationship between a particular fruit and a frugivore was found. The number of frugivore groups that served a given plant species was negatively correlated with seed size. Additionally, the fruit/seed diameters consumed by bulbuls were significantly smaller than consumed by the other nine groups. These trends of fruit characteristics were consistent with those observed elsewhere in Southeast Asia: small fruits and large, soft fruits with many small seeds are consumed by a wide spectrum of frugivores while larger fruits with a single large seed are consumed by relatively few potential dispersers. Importantly, these large, single-seed fruits are not consumed by the small frugivores that thrive in small forest fragments and degraded areas in Southeast Asia. To insure the natural seed dispersal process in the forest, an evaluation of all frugivore groups in the forest is urgently needed in Southeast Asia.