Survey of Energy Requirements for Public Water Supply in the United States
Survey of Energy Requirements for Public Water Supply in the United States
复制标题
美国公共供水能源需求调查
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Burian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Robert B. Sowby;S. Burian
关于饮用水系统能源需求的国家研究很少，只有有限的经验数据可用。这项研究增加了相当多的空间和时间细节，以更好地描述美国大陆的需求。从109个水系统中收集了年度用水量和能源使用量观测数据。数据显示，公共供水的能量强度呈现出(1)近似对数正态分布；(2)区域模式，美国西部的强度高于美国东部；(3)显著的年际变化，有增减混合；(4)与位置、水源类型和系统规模的关系，可用于估计其他系统的能量强度。建议改进数据收集。这里的数据有助于几个有充分记录的研究需求，并将促进对水-能源关系的进一步研究，使联邦机构、研究人员、当地自来水公司和国家安全从业者受益。
National studies on drinking water systems’ energy requirements are sparse, and only limited empirical data have been available. This study adds considerable spatial and temporal detail to better characterize the requirements in the continental United States. Annual water use and energy use observations were collected from a panel of 109 water systems. The data show that the energy intensity of public water supply exhibits (1) an approximate log‐normal distribution; (2) regional patterns, with higher intensities in the western United States than the eastern United States; (3) significant interannual variations, with mixed increases and decreases; and (4) relationships to location, water source type, and system size that can be used to estimate energy intensities for other systems. Improved data collection is recommended. The data here contribute to several well‐documented research needs and will facilitate further study of the water–energy nexus with benefits to federal agencies, researchers, local water utilities, and national security practitioners.