Effects of Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fat Diets on the Chemical Composition and Metabolism of Low Density Lipoproteins in Man
Effects of Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fat Diets on the Chemical Composition and Metabolism of Low Density Lipoproteins in Man
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饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪饮食对人体低密度脂蛋白化学组成和代谢的影响
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通讯作者：
A. M. Gotto
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作者：
J. Shepherd;C. J. Packard;S. M. Grundy;D. Yeshurun;A. M. Gotto;David Taunton;J. Shepherd;C. J. Packard;S. M. Grundy;D. Yeshurun;A. M. Gotto
本文研究了8名正常男性受试者膳食中饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪对低密度脂蛋白（LDL）化学组成和代谢的影响。这些饮食对粪便固醇排泄的影响也在四名受试者中进行了测量。与饱和脂肪饮食相比，多不饱和饮食降低了血浆胆固醇（2396，P < 0.001）和甘油三酯（14%，P < 0.001）水平。前者脂质减少的67%是由于LDL胆固醇下降（23%，P < 0.001），尽管极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇水平也下降（分别为对照值的27%和20%）。这些变化伴随着LDL成分的显著改变。具体而言，在多不饱和脂肪喂养，相对百分比的胆固醇在低密度脂蛋白组分下降，而磷脂上升。蛋白质或甘油三酯百分比无变化。低密度脂蛋白甘油三酯、胆固醇酯和β-磷脂中的脂肪酸组分也受膳食脂肪饱和水平的影响。总体而言，多不饱和脂肪喂养产生了丰富的亚油酸酯与棕榈酸酯，硬脂酸酯和油酸酯的相互变化，影响甘油三酯胆固醇酯和磷脂。LDL组分的上述变化与LDL载脂蛋白（apoLDL）代谢的改变有关。多不饱和膳食使血浆apoLDL降低13%（P < 0.05）。这是由于LDL的分解率增加（无论是血浆衰变曲线分析（P < 0.05）还是尿/血浆放射性比值（P < 0.001）），而其合成率和代谢率无明显改变。多不饱和脂肪饮食不会引起粪便中性或酸性类固醇排泄的一致变化。我们的结论是，多不饱和脂肪饮食的降胆固醇作用受到多种机制的影响，其表达可能因患者而异。汤顿。饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪饮食对人体低密度脂蛋白化学组成和代谢的影响。补充关键词粪便固醇。极低密度脂蛋白。高密度脂蛋白富含多不饱和脂肪的饮食的降胆固醇作用已被人们认识了25年，但尽管进行了深入的研究（见（1）中的参考文献），这种作用的机制仍然不清楚。研究这些饮食对人体胆固醇平衡的影响揭示了几种不同的反应模式，部分来自方法的变化。
This study examined the effects of dietary saturated and polyunsaturated fat on the chemical composition and metabolism of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in eight normal male subjects. T h e influence of these diets on fecal sterol excretion was also measured in four of the subjects. When compared with the saturated fat diet, the polyunsaturated diet lowered both plasma cholesterol (2396, P < 0.001) and triglyceride (14%, P < 0.001) levels. Sixty-seven percent of the reduction in the former lipid resulted from a fall in LDL cholesterol (23%, P < 0.001), although very low density (VLDL) and high density lipo-protein (HDL) cholesterol levels also fell (by 27% and 20% of their respective control value). These changes were accompanied by significant alterations in LDL composition. Specifically, during polyunsaturated fat feeding, the relative percentage cholesterol in the LDL fraction fell while that of phospholipid rose. There was no change in the percentage protein or triglyceride. T h e fatty acid components of LDL triglyceride, cholesteryl esters, and phos-pholipid were also affected by dietary fat saturation level. Overall, polyunsaturated fat feeding produced an enrichment in linoleate with reciprocal changes in palmitate, stearate, and oleate which affected triglycerides more than cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. T h e above changes in LDL composition were associated with alterations in the metabolism of LDL apoprotein (apoLDL). The polyunsaturated diet lowered plasma apoLDL by 13% (P < 0.05). This resulted from an increase in the fractional catabolic rate of LDL (whether determined by plasma decay curve analysis (P < 0.05) or urine/plasma radioactivity ratios (P < 0.001) without significant alteration of its corporeal distribution o r synthetic rate. T h e polyun-saturated fat diet did not cause a consistent change in fecal neutral or acidic steroid excretion. We conclude that the hypocholesterolemic action of polyunsaturated fat diets is effected by multiple mechanisms whose expression may vary from patient to patient. Taunton. Effects of saturated and polyunsaturated fat diets on the chemical composition and metabolism of low density lipoproteins in man. Supplementary key words fecal sterols. very low density lipoproteins. high density lipoproteins The hypocholesterolemic action of diets rich in polyunsaturated fats has been known for 25 years, but despite intensive studies (see bibliography in (l)), mechanisms for this effect remain obscure. Investigations of the influence of such diets on cholesterol balance in man have revealed several different patterns of response that derive in part from variations in methodology …