Rhinoceros behaviour: implications for captive management and conservation
Rhinoceros behaviour: implications for captive management and conservation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1748-1090.2006.00150.x
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kreger, M. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hutchins, M.;Kreger, M. D.
由于偷猎、栖息地丧失、人-犀牛冲突、狩猎和内乱，所有犀牛物种都在不同程度上受到灭绝的威胁。显然，其余五个物种（黑犀牛双角、白色犀牛Ceratotherium simum、大独角犀牛独角、爪哇犀牛Sondaicus和苏门答腊犀牛Dicerorhinus sumatrensis）面临的威胁是人为的。虽然许多学科对保护很重要，但在制定野生动物管理和保护战略时，应将了解物种的行为特征视为一个关键组成部分。犀牛的行为的一般概述，解决生态和社会组织，活动和栖息地的使用，喂养策略，求偶和繁殖，以及反捕食者的行为。行为研究的影响，成功的管理和饲养的犀牛在圈养的部分讨论组的大小和组成，外壳设计和富集方案，活动模式，介绍，繁殖，手工饲养，健康和压力。最后，有一些讨论的影响，这方面的知识，就地保护的设计保护区，动物健康和压力的进一步方面，以及重新引入和易位。详细了解犀牛的行为对于在分布区国家保护区和圈养区的生存都很重要，应利用这些知识为这些物种提供最适当的动物护理和环境。
All species of rhinoceros are, to varying degrees, threatened with extinction because of poaching, habitat loss, human-rhinoceros conflict, hunting and civil unrest. Clearly the threats facing the five remaining species (Black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis, White rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum, Greater one-horned rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis, Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus and Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) are anthropogenic. Although many disciplines are important for conservation, understanding the behaviour characteristics of a species should be considered a key component when developing wildlife-management and conservation strategies. A general overview of the behaviour of rhinoceros is presented, addressing ecology and social organization, activity and habitat use, feeding strategies, courtship and reproduction, and anti-predator behaviour. The implications of behavioural studies for successful management and husbandry of rhinoceros in captivity are discussed in sections on group size and composition, enclosure design and enrichment programmes, activity patterns, introductions, reproduction, hand-rearing, and health and stress. Finally, there is some discussion about the implications of this knowledge for in situ conservation in relation to designing protected areas, further aspects of animal health and stress, and reintroduction and translocation. A detailed understanding of rhinoceros behaviour is important for survival both in range-country protected areas and captivity, and such knowledge should be used to provide the most appropriate animal care and environments for these species.