How many named species are valid?
How many named species are valid?
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.062691099
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发表时间：
2002-03-19
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Alroy, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alroy, J
对生物和化石群体的生物多样性的估计取决于目前公认的命名物种的原始计数，但这些名称中的许多最终将被证明是同义词或无效的。这个困难的偏差可以用一个简单的“通量比”方程来解决，该方程比较了失效和再验证的历史比率。对4，861种北美哺乳动物化石物种的分类数据集进行的通量比分析表明，目前接受的名称中有24-31%最终将被证明是无效的，因此多样性估计被夸大了32- 44%。与使用更老、更基本的方法获得的估计值相比，该估计值是保守的。虽然暴胀的程度在历史和进化过程中各不相同，但它对以前发表的背景起源和灭绝率的影响很小。多项证据表明，同样的偏见可能会影响研究较少、高度多样性的生物群体，例如真菌和昆虫。如果是这样的话，那么目前对全球物种多样性的估计数可以下调到350万至1 050万个物种。
Estimates of biodiversity in both living and fossil groups depend on raw counts of currently recognized named species, but many of these names eventually will prove to be synonyms or otherwise invalid. This difficult bias can be resolved with a simple ''flux ratio'' equation that compares historical rates of invalidation and revalidation. Flux ratio analysis of a taxonomic data set of unrivalled completeness for 4,861 North American fossil mammal species shows that 24-31% of currently accepted names eventually will prove invalid, so diversity estimates are inflated by 32-44%. The estimate is conservative compared with one obtained by using an older, more basic method. Although the degree of inflation varies through both historical and evolutionary time, it has a minor impact on previously published background origination and extinction rates. Several lines of evidence suggest that the same bias probably affects more poorly studied, hyperdiverse living groups such as fungi and insects. If so, then current estimates of total global diversity could be revised downwards to as low as 3.5-10.5 million species.