Physical activity, immunity and infection
Physical activity, immunity and infection
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0029665110001795
复制
发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Marcos, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Romeo, J.;Warnberg, J.;Marcos, A.
在过去的几十年里，科学证据已经证实了与定期体育活动有关的广泛的健康益处。然而，体力活动如何影响免疫功能和感染风险仍存在争议。通常，高强度运动会抑制几种免疫细胞的活性和水平，而其他免疫功能可能会被适度的体力活动刺激。有了这些知识，对不同水平的体育活动对免疫功能之间关系的理解已经提高，不仅是运动员，而且是普通人群保护健康的潜在工具;将体育活动的生活方式转化为良好健康的机制继续进行调查。回顾文献，尽管一些结果（即不同水平和持续时间的体育活动计划影响众多细胞类型和反应的机制）仍不清楚，但鉴于额外的益处包括健康习惯，包括运动，使用体育活动计划可能会改善老年人的健康状况。适度的体力活动或适度的有规律的训练可以增强免疫功能，主要是在不太适合的受试者或久坐的人群和事件前的健身状态似乎也是一个重要的个人因素，关于这种关系。虽然充足的营养和规律的运动习惯可以协同改善健康，但运动员使用营养补充剂对抗免疫抑制的临床试验至今尚无定论，需要进一步研究以了解运动训练对免疫功能的影响程度。
During the last few decades, scientific evidence has confirmed a wide range of health benefits related to regular physical activity. How physical activity affects the immune function and infection risk is, however, still under debate. Commonly, intensive exercise suppresses the activity and levels of several immune cells, while other immune functions may be stimulated by moderate physical activity. With this knowledge, the understanding of the relationship between different levels of physical activity on the immune function has been raised as a potential tool to protect health not only in athletes but also in the general population; the mechanisms that translate a physically active lifestyle into good health continue to be investigated. Reviewing the literature, although several outcomes (i.e. the mechanisms by which different levels and duration of physical activity programmes affect numerous cell types and responses) remain unclear, given that the additional benefits encompass healthy habits including exercise, the use of physical activity programmes may result in improved health of elderly populations. Moderate physical activity or moderate regulated training may enhance the immune function mainly in less fit subjects or sedentary population and the pre-event fitness status also seems to be an important individual factor regarding this relationship. Although adequate nutrition and regular physical activity habits may synergistically improve health, clinical trials in athletes using nutritional supplements to counteract the immune suppression have been inconclusive so far.Further research is necessary to find out to what extent physical activity training can exert an effect on the immune function.