New Techniques for Structural Batch Verification in Bilinear Groups with Applications to Groth-Sahai Proofs

New Techniques for Structural Batch Verification in Bilinear Groups with Applications to Groth-Sahai Proofs
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双线性群结构批量验证新技术及其在 Groth-Sahai 证明中的应用

DOI:
10.1145/3133956.3134068
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security
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--
通讯作者:
A. Rupp
A. Rupp
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
G. Herold;M. Hoffmann;M. Klooß;C. Rafols;A. Rupp

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双线性群形成了许多重要的加密协议的代数设置,包括匿名凭证,电子现金,电子投票,电子优惠券和忠诚度系统。这种密码协议的典型特征是,参与方需要反复验证满足双线性群上的某些方程,例如,为了检查计算的签名是否有效,可以打开承诺,或者非交互式零知识证明正确验证。取决于方程的形式和数量,这部分可以迅速成为性能瓶颈,由于昂贵的评估的双线性map.To减轻这一负担的验证,批量验证技术已被提出,允许联合收割机和检查多个方程概率使用较少的操作比检查每个equationsIndividues.In这项工作中,我们重新审视批量验证问题和现有的标准技术。我们介绍了一种新的技术,与以前的工作相比,使我们能够充分利用某些系统的方程的结构。适当形式的方程自然出现在许多协议中,例如,由于使用Groth-Sahai证明。我们的技术之美在于其基本思想非常简单:我们观察到许多方程系统可以被视为多项式乘积的单个方程,其中可以应用Schwartz-Zippel之后的概率多项式身份测试。比较表明,我们的方法可以导致显着改善配对评估的数量。事实上,对于在CCS 2016上展示的BeleniosRF投票系统,我们可以将配对的数量(选票验证所需的)从4k +140减少,正如Chaidos等人最初报告的那样,tok+7。正如我们的实现和基准测试所证明的那样,这可能会将验证运行时间减少到原始运行时间的5%到13%。
Bilinear groups form the algebraic setting for a multitude of important cryptographic protocols including anonymous credentials, e-cash, e-voting, e-coupon, and loyalty systems. It is typical of such crypto protocols that participating parties need to repeatedly verify that certain equations over bilinear groups are satisfied, e.g., to check that computed signatures are valid, commitments can be opened, or non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs verify correctly. Depending on the form and number of equations this part can quickly become a performance bottleneck due to the costly evaluation of the bilinear map.To ease this burden on the verifier, batch verification techniques have been proposed that allow to combine and check multiple equations probabilistically using less operations than checking each equation individually.In this work, we revisit the batch verification problem and existing standard techniques. We introduce a new technique which, in contrast to previous work, enables us to fully exploit the structure of certain systems of equations. Equations of the appropriate form naturally appear in many protocols, e.g., due to the use of Groth-Sahai proofs.The beauty of our technique is that the underlying idea is pretty simple: we observe that many systems of equations can alternatively be viewed as a single equation of products of polynomials for which probabilistic polynomial identity testing following Schwartz-Zippel can be applied. Comparisons show that our approach can lead to significant improvements in terms of the number of pairing evaluations. Indeed, for the BeleniosRF voting system presented at CCS 2016, we can reduce the number of pairings (required for ballot verification) from4k+140, as originally reported by Chaidos et al., tok+7. As our implementation and benchmarks demonstrate, this may reduce the verification runtime to only 5% to 13% of the original runtime.
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