A large and prolonged bloom of Karenia mikimotoi in Scottish waters in 2006
A large and prolonged bloom of Karenia mikimotoi in Scottish waters in 2006
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DOI：
10.1016/j.hal.2008.07.007
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Swan, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davidson, Keith;Miller, Peter;Swan, Sarah
2006 年，苏格兰水域观察到米基莫凯伦藻长时间开花。就其广阔的空间范围而言，这种花朵被认为是该地区独一无二的。从在该国西部首次发现开始，水华就沿着海岸顺时针移动，最终到达东海岸和北部的设得兰群岛。水华导致包括环节动物、软体动物和某些鱼类在内的底栖生物大量死亡。养殖鱼没有死亡，但有鳃损伤的报告。卫星遥感、多个地点的浮游植物计数、气象数据和一些水化学以及有关采样点物理特征的信息，提供了广泛的空间和时间数据集。对 Aqua-MODIS 遥感叶绿素-a 数据的分析表明，该参数是苏格兰西海岸外陆架水域 K. mikimotoi 的有用预警指标，并表明水华在平流到沿海水域之前就在该地区发展。基于地球观测 (EO) 的 K. mikimotoi 有害水华分类器识别出 K. mikimotoi 细胞密度升高的区域，但在高反射率区域产生误报。数据还用于评估苏格兰水域中存在的各种解释 K. mikimotoi 水华形成的假设，包括趋光性、营养可用性、细胞运输和水温升高。具体来说，我们试图评估常规收集的环境数据（水温、日照、风强和风向以及海湾方位）是否可以用作水产养殖设施位置（通常位于峡湾海湾内）附近水华强度的预测因子。使用路径分析得出将环境驱动因素与水华程度联系起来的直观模型。一旦考虑到纬度的影响，例如向北的水冷，只有降雨量是采样点水华强度的重要预测因素。因此，虽然可以通过卫星信息预测水华的近海发展和进展，但当地水动力的影响可能对于确定沿海水产养殖场水华的规模至关重要。 Crown 版权所有 (C) 2008 由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。
A prolonged bloom of Karenia mikimotoi was observed during 2006 in Scottish waters. This bloom is thought to be unique in the region in terms of its large spatial extent. From its first detection in the west of the country, the bloom moved clockwise around the coast eventually reaching the east coast and the Shetland Isles to the north. The bloom resulted in extensive mortalities of benthic organisms including annelids and molluscs and some species of fish. Farmed fish mortalities were absent but gill damage was reported. The availability of satellite remote sensing, phytoplankton counts from multiple sites, meteorological data and some water chemistry, as well as information on the physical characteristics of the sampling sites, provided an extensive spatial and temporal data set. Analysis of remotely sensed chlorophyll-a data from Aqua-MODIS indicated that this parameter is a useful early warning indicator of K. mikimotoi in shelf waters off the Scottish west coast, and suggested that the bloom developed in this region prior to its advection to coastal waters. An earth observation (EO) based harmful bloom classifier for K. mikimotoi recognised areas of elevated K. mikimotoi cell density but generated false positives in areas of high reflectance. Data were also used to evaluate, in Scottish waters, various hypotheses that exist to explain the formation of K. mikimotoi blooms including phototaxis, nutrient availability, cell transport and elevated water temperature. Specifically, we sought to evaluate if routinely collected environmental data (water temperature, insolation, wind strength and direction, and sea-loch aspect) could be used as a predictor of bloom magnitude near aquaculture facility locations, which typically lie within fjordic sea lochs. Path analysis was used to derive intuitive models linking environmental drivers to bloom magnitude. Once the effects of latitude such as northward water cooling were taken into account, only rainfall was a significant predictor of bloom magnitude at the sampling sites. Therefore, while the offshore development and progression of a bloom may be predicted from satellite information, it is likely that local hydrodynamic influences are crucial in determining its magnitude at coastal aquaculture sites. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.