Diminishing returns in social evolution: the not-so-tragic commons
Diminishing returns in social evolution: the not-so-tragic commons
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00747.x
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Foster, KR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foster, KR
进化论面临的一个挑战是，要理解在竞争和欺骗的情况下，合作是如何发生的，这个问题被称为公地悲剧。在这里，我研究如何不同的健身回报生殖竞争或合作影响竞争对社会群体的负面影响。不同的线性回报并不影响竞争的影响。然而，收益递减，即在竞争或合作中的额外投资所带来的回报越来越小，降低了竞争对群体的影响。我表明，收益递减是常见的许多系统，包括社会脊椎动物，微生物，社会昆虫和物种之间的互惠。这表明，公地悲剧并不那么悲惨，竞争对社会生活的破坏性影响往往很小。
A challenge for evolutionary theory is to understand how cooperation can occur in the presence of competition and cheating, a problem known as the tragedy of commons. Here I examine how varying the fitness returns from reproductive competition or cooperation affects the negative impact of competition on a social group. Varying linear returns does not affect the impact of competition. However, diminishing returns, where additional investments in either competition or cooperation give smaller and smaller rewards, reduce the effects of competition on the group. I show that diminishing returns are common in many systems, including social vertebrates, microbes, social insects and mutualisms among species. This suggests that the tragedy of the commons is not so tragic and that the disruptive effects of competition upon social life will often be minor.