Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks.
Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks.
复制标题
鲨鱼的全球多样性热点和保护重点。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0019356
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发表时间：
2011-05-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Worm B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lucifora LO;García VB;Worm B
鲨鱼是最受威胁的海洋动物之一，因为高捕捞率加上对捕捞压力的低适应能力导致了世界范围内鲨鱼数量的下降。为这一群体设计保护策略取决于对已知物种的地理分布和多样性的基本知识。到目前为止，这些信息是碎片化和不完整的。在此基础上，作者首次从已发表的数据库中合成了全球鲨鱼多样性格局，包括目前已描述的所有507种鲨鱼，并从这些数据中确定了鲨鱼物种丰富度、功能多样性和特有性的热点。我们已经评估了这些多样性措施的一致性，并展示了它们在确定鲨鱼保护优先区域方面的潜在用途。我们的研究结果表明，所有物种的鲨鱼多样性在大陆架和中纬度地区（南北纬30-40度）达到峰值。日本、台湾、澳大利亚东西海岸、非洲东南部、巴西东南部和美国东南部是全球物种丰富度、功能多样性和特有度的热点地区。此外，一些物种丰富度为中低的地区，如澳大利亚南部、安哥拉、智利北部和欧洲大陆西部，是功能多样性较高的地区。最后，受鱼翅影响的物种表现出不同的多样性模式，峰值更接近赤道，总体上分布更广泛。我们的研究结果表明，全球鲨鱼多样性格局与陆地和其他已得到充分研究的海洋分类群不同，这可能为鲨鱼保护的空间方法提供指导。然而，与陆地生态系统类似，仅仅基于多样性热点和地方性的保护区不足以保护鲨鱼在海洋生态系统中发挥的多种功能作用。
Sharks are one of the most threatened groups of marine animals, as high exploitation rates coupled with low resilience to fishing pressure have resulted in population declines worldwide. Designing conservation strategies for this group depends on basic knowledge of the geographic distribution and diversity of known species. So far, this information has been fragmented and incomplete. Here, we have synthesized the first global shark diversity pattern from a new database of published sources, including all 507 species described at present, and have identified hotspots of shark species richness, functional diversity and endemicity from these data. We have evaluated the congruence of these diversity measures and demonstrate their potential use in setting priority areas for shark conservation. Our results show that shark diversity across all species peaks on the continental shelves and at mid-latitudes (30–40 degrees N and S). Global hotspots of species richness, functional diversity and endemicity were found off Japan, Taiwan, the East and West coasts of Australia, Southeast Africa, Southeast Brazil and Southeast USA. Moreover, some areas with low to moderate species richness such as Southern Australia, Angola, North Chile and Western Continental Europe stood out as places of high functional diversity. Finally, species affected by shark finning showed different patterns of diversity, with peaks closer to the Equator and a more oceanic distribution overall. Our results show that the global pattern of shark diversity is uniquely different from land, and other well-studied marine taxa, and may provide guidance for spatial approaches to shark conservation. However, similar to terrestrial ecosystems, protected areas based on hotspots of diversity and endemism alone would provide insufficient means for safeguarding the diverse functional roles that sharks play in marine ecosystems.
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