Children's reasoning about the self-presentational consequences of apologies and excuses following rule violations
Children's reasoning about the self-presentational consequences of apologies and excuses following rule violations
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DOI：
10.1348/026151009x479475
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Luke, Nikki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banerjee, Robin;Bennett, Mark;Luke, Nikki
违反规则者的叙述可能会产生重要的自我展示后果，从而有可能减少违规行为对违法者社会评价的负面影响。然而，人们对幼儿对此类帐户的自我呈现推理知之甚少。在本研究中，120 名 4 至 9 岁的儿童样本对违反规则的故事做出了回应，违规者要么道歉、找借口，要么不解释。结果显示，虽然孩子们对这两种账户类型对惩罚后果的影响的评价相似，但即使是最小的孩子也认为道歉会比借口带来更积极的社会评价。相应地，孩子们更有可能识别出道歉的亲社会动机而不是借口，并且更有可能识别出借口的自我保护动机而不是道歉。随着年龄的增长，在解释账户时明确提及自我展示动机的情况显着增加，而且更有可能是违反社会传统而非道德规则。
The accounts given by those who have violated a rule are likely to have important self-presentational consequences, potentially reducing the negative impact of the breach on social evaluations of transgressors. However, little is known about young children's self-presentational reasoning about such accounts. In the present study, a sample of 120 4- to 9-year-olds responded to rule violation stories where the transgressor uses either an apology, an excuse, or no account. Results showed that whereas children rated both account types similarly in terms of their impact on punishment consequences, even the youngest saw apologies as leading to significantly more positive social evaluation than excuses. Correspondingly, children were more likely to identify prosocial motives for apologies than for excuses, and more likely to identify self-protective motives for excuses than for apologies. Explicit references to self-presentational motives when explaining the accounts increased significantly with age, and were more likely following social-conventional rather than moral rule violations.