Effects of Continuous Copper Exposure and Calcium on the Olfactory Response of Fathead Minnows
Effects of Continuous Copper Exposure and Calcium on the Olfactory Response of Fathead Minnows
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DOI：
10.1021/es300670p
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发表时间：
2012-08-21
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Pyle, Greg G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dew, William A.;Wood, Chris M.;Pyle, Greg G.
目前基于鳃的生物配体模型（gbBLM）是一种用于预测特定地点安全铜（Cu）浓度的急性毒性模型。最近开发慢性BLM的努力集中在嗅上皮上。为了进一步这项工作，目前的研究着眼于不同的铜浓度和暴露时间对铜诱导的嗅觉功能障碍的影响，以及钙（Ca）是否保护免受铜诱导的损害，因为它在鳃。黑头呆鱼（Pimephales promelas）进行了处理，5铜浓度不同的曝光时间在硬和软的水。一种神经生理学技术，电嗅觉描记术（EOG），被用来确定嗅觉功能障碍的水平。在低，生态相关的铜浓度测试有显着抑制EOG功能，然而，随着时间的推移，有至少部分恢复嗅觉功能，尽管连续铜暴露。钙没有出现保护铜诱导的嗅觉功能障碍，甚至单独，钙似乎干扰嗅觉反应的氨基酸L-精氨酸。由GBBLM、基于化学感觉的BLM、USEPA BLM和基于暴露沃茨的硬度调整方程预测的安全铜浓度并不完全保护嗅觉功能障碍。
The current gill-based Biotic Ligand Model (gbBLM) is an acute-toxicity model used to predict site-specific safe copper (Cu) concentrations. Recent effort to develop a chronic BLM has focused on the olfactory epithelium. To further this effort, the current study looked at the effect of varying Cu concentration and exposure duration on Cu-induced olfactory dysfunction, and whether calcium (Ca) protected against Cu-induced impairment as it does at the gill. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were treated with five Cu concentrations for varying exposure durations in hard and soft water. A neurophysiological technique, electro-olfactography (EOG), was employed to determine the level of olfactory dysfunction. At the low, ecologically relevant Cu concentrations tested there was significant inhibition of EOG function; however, over time there was at least a partial recovery of olfactory function, despite the continuous Cu exposure. Calcium did not appear to protect against Cu-induced olfactory dysfunction; and even alone, Ca appeared to interfere with the olfactory response to the amino acid L-arginine. Safe copper concentrations as predicted by the gbBLM, chemosensory-based BLMs, the USEPA BLM, and hardness-adjustment equations based on the exposure waters were not entirely protective against olfactory dysfunction.