Deformation Monitoring at Mount St. Helens in 1981 and 1982
Deformation Monitoring at Mount St. Helens in 1981 and 1982
复制标题
1981 年和 1982 年圣海伦斯火山的变形监测
DOI：
10.1126/science.221.4618.1378
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
T. A. Leighley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
William W. Chadwick;Donald A. Swanson;E. Iwatsubo;C. Heliker;T. A. Leighley
在1981年和1982年圣海伦火山每次喷发前的几个星期里，从补给管道中升起的粘性岩浆使熔岩穹丘膨胀，并将火山口底部横向推到固定的火山口壁上，产生地面裂缝和逆冲断层。火山爆发前，变形速度加快，因此可以提前3到19天预测火山爆发。火山口外没有变形，表明1981年和1982年期间岩浆的侵入量并不大。
For several weeks before each eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1981 and 1982, viscous magma rising in the feeder conduit inflated the lava dome and shoved the crater floor laterally against the immobile crater walls, producing ground cracks and thrust faults. The rates of deformation accelerated before eruptions, and thus it was possible to predict eruptions 3 to 19 days in advance. Lack of deformation outside the crater showed that intrusion of magma during 1981 and 1982 was not voluminous.