The Development of Haliotis tuberculata, with Special Reference to Organogenesis during Torsion
The Development of Haliotis tuberculata, with Special Reference to Organogenesis during Torsion
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瘤鲍的发育，特别是扭转过程中的器官发生
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发表时间：
1937
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通讯作者：
Doris R. Crofts
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作者：
Doris R. Crofts
对结核鲍（Haliotis tuberculata，Linnaeus）发育的研究是对鲍的生物学和解剖学研究的自然结果（Crofts 1929，第159页）。这是一个试图阐明的器官发生过程中不断变化的幼虫的生活习惯，希望增加到不足的个体发生学证据，可用于解决腹足类进化的问题。关于胚胎阶段的精彩描述，包括耐心地研究卵裂和原肠胚形成的细节，已经发表在Crepidula（Conklin 1897）、Patella（Patten 1886; Wilson 1904; Smith 1935）、Trochus（Robert 1902）、Physa（Wierzejski 1905）和Dentalium（Wilson 1904）上。关于腹足类幼体发育的全面报道，目前已发表的只有Paludina（埃尔朗格，1891; Tonniges，1896; Drummond，1902; Andersen，1924）和Patella（Patten，1886; Smith，1935）。Paludina的描述阐明了体腔及其衍生物的发展细节。然而，沼螺的胎生习性和随之而来的自由幼虫生命的丧失，使其成为一个非常不合适的腹足类发育的例子。进化阶段更有可能追溯到不太专业的腹足类的发展，一个适当的选择，其自由生活的幼虫阶段可以获得。对Patel、Acmaea、Trochus和Haliotis的幼虫发育进行了描述，不同属的完整性不同。Patten在Patella coerulea（1886）的研究中只描述了器官发生的开始。经过50年的时间，史密斯（1935年）对普通番茄的发展作了更详细的描述。这项工作对中胚层、肌肉和神经系统的发育提供了新的解释。幼虫的背侧牵开肌（Patten指出是指蓝腹蛛）在普通腹蛛中是不对称的，扭转发生在该肌肉的“作用下”。
Investigation of the development of Haliotis tuberculata , Linnaeus, was undertaken as a natural sequel to an examination of the bionomics and anatomy of Haliotis (Crofts 1929, p. 159). It is an attempt to elucidate the organogenesis during the changing larval habits, in the hope of adding to the scanty ontogenetical evidence available towards solving the problems of gastropod evolution. Excellent accounts of the embryonic phase, including patiently worked out details of the cleavage and of gastrulation, have been published for Crepidula (Conklin 1897), Patella (Patten 1886; Wilson 1904; and Smith 1935), Trochus (Robert 1902), Physa (Wierzejski 1905), Dentalium (Wilson 1904). The only comprehensive accounts of gastropod larval development already published are of Paludina (Erlanger 1891; Tonniges 1896; Drummond 1902; Andersen 1924) and of Patella (Patten 1886; Smith I935). The accounts of Paludina elucidate the details of development of the coelom and its derivatives. The viviparous habit and consequent loss of free larval life in Paludina , however, make it a very unsuitable example of gastropod development. Evolutionary stages are more likely to be traced from the development of less specialized gastropods, an adequate selection of whose free-living larval stages can be obtained. The larval development of Patel, Acmaea, Trochus and Haliotis has been described, in varying completeness for the different genera. Patten’s work on Patella coerulea (1886) gives a description only of the beginning of organogenesis. After a lapse of fifty years a more detailed account of the development of P. vulgata has been given by Smith (1935). This work gives a new interpretation of the development of the mesoderm, of the muscles and of the nervous system. The dorsal retractor muscle of the larva, which Patten indicated for P. coerula , is shown in P. vulgata to be placed asymmetrically and torsion takes place “ under the action” of this muscle.