Biological Collections
Biological Collections
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生物收藏品
DOI：
10.17226/25592
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
Division on Earth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Division on Earth
几个世纪以来，科学家们一直在寻找和收集不同类型的生物体，以更多地了解它们的形式，功能，起源，分布和进化。将这些有机体汇集并保存到生物收藏品中--系统化地储存了各种形式的生命--是许多科学和创新领域高质量研究和教育的基石（见方框S-1）。美国的自然历史收藏品和活体收藏品不断繁殖和繁殖生物，包括10亿多个标本。这些标本越来越多地伴随着丰富的额外生物材料和数据，这些材料和数据产生了关于地球生命的新见解，并在几乎所有科学，医学和技术领域开辟了新的探索途径。生物学收藏是国家科学事业的一个宝贵的，而且往往是不可替代的组成部分。不幸的是，它们的可持续性受到威胁。造成这种情况的原因很多，包括普遍不了解其价值及其对研究和教育的贡献，不了解有效维护其所需的条件，以及收藏品之间的协调和相互联系不足。认识到国家生物收藏的重要性和脆弱性，国家科学基金会（NSF）已通过其生物科学局（BIO）内的生物基础设施司（DBI）提供广泛的财政支持。应NSF的要求，本报告探讨了生物收藏的贡献，概述了它们面临的关键需求和挑战，并提出了建议，这些建议可以为维护和发展生物收藏及其使用提供动力，以推动未来的科学发展。生物收藏：确保21世纪的批判性研究和教育世纪2020年9月
For centuries, scientists have sought and collected different types of organisms to learn more about their forms, functions, origins, distributions, and evolution. Pooling and conserving these organisms into biological collections— systematized repositories of life in all of its many forms—is a cornerstone of quality research and education in many areas of science and innovation (see Box S-1). U.S. natural history collections and living collections, which continually propagate and multiply organisms, comprise more than 1 billion specimens. The specimens are increasingly accompanied by a rich complement of additional biological material and data that generate new insights about life on Earth and open new avenues of inquiry in almost every field of science, medicine, and technology. Biological collections are an invaluable, and often irreplaceable, component of the nation’s scientific enterprise. Unfortunately, their sustainability is under threat. The causes are many, including a general lack of understanding of their value and their contributions to research and education, a lack of appreciation for what is required to maintain them effectively, and inadequate coordination and interconnection among and between collections. Recognizing the importance and the vulnerabilities of the nation’s biological collections, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has endeavored to provide broad financial support through its Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI) within the Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO). Conducted at the request of NSF, this report explores the contributions from biological collections, outline critical needs and challenges they face, and makes recommendations that could provide momentum to maintain and grow biological collections and their use to advance science into the future. Biological Collections: Ensuring Critical Research and Education for the 21st Century September 2020