Cortisol secretion patterns in addiction and addiction risk
Cortisol secretion patterns in addiction and addiction risk
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.10.007
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Lovallo, WR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lovallo, WR
对酒精或尼古丁的上瘾涉及大脑动机系统的功能改变。下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质(HPA)轴功能的改变可能为伴随成瘾和成瘾易感性的动机变化的性质提供线索。酒精和尼古丁至少表现出三种与HPA功能相互作用的形式。急性摄入这两种物质会引起类似应激的皮质醇反应。持续使用它们可能会扰乱HPA的调节。最后，戒烟后依赖和复发的风险可能与皮质醇对各种应激源的反应不足有关。HPA在下丘脑受到昼夜和代谢信号的调节，但在急性情绪状态下，它的调节被来自边缘系统和前额叶皮质的信号所取代。这种自上而下的组织使HPA对反映激励过程的投入做出反应。因此，HPA是一个有用的系统，用于研究与成瘾和成瘾风险相关的认知、情绪和行为倾向可能不同的人的心理生理反应。长期大量摄入酒精和尼古丁可能会导致额叶-边缘相互作用的改变，并可能解释酗酒者和吸烟者HPA反应的差异。此外，在对酗酒和吸毒的父母的后代的研究中显示，与HPA的额叶-利血相互作用中先前存在的变化可能反映了成瘾的离子倾向。继续研究HPA功能、压力反应性和成瘾之间的关系，可能会深入了解大脑的动机系统是如何支持成瘾和成瘾风险的。爱思唯尔出版公司(Elsevier B.V.)
Addiction to alcohol or nicotine involves altered functioning of the brain's motivational systems. Altered functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis may hold clues to the nature of the motivational changes accompanying addiction and Vulnerability to addiction. Alcohol and nicotine show at least three forms of interaction with HPA functioning. Acute intake of both substances Causes Stress-like cortisol responses. Their persistent use may dysregulate the HPA. Finally, the risk for dependence and for relapse after quitting may be associated with deficient cortisol reactivity to a variety of stressors. The HPA is regulated at the hypothalamus by diurnal and metabolic signals, but during acute emotional states, its regulation is Superseded by signals from the limbic system and prefrontal cortex. This top-down organization makes the HPA responsive to inputs that reflect motivational processes. The HPA is accordingly a useful system for studying psychophysiological reactivity in persons who may vary in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral tendencies associated with addiction and risk for addiction. Chronic, heavy intake of alcohol and nicotine may cause modifications in these frontal-limbic interactions and may account for HPA response differences in seen in alcoholics and smokers. In addition, preexisting alterations in frontal-linibic interactions with the HPA may reflect addict ion-proneness, as shown in studies of offspring of alcohol- and drug-abusing parents. Continuing research on the relationship between HPA function, stress responsivity, and the addictions may yield insights into how the brain's motivational systems support addictions and risk for addictions. Published by Elsevier B.V.