The interaction of Supertyphoon Maemi (2003) with a warm ocean eddy
The interaction of Supertyphoon Maemi (2003) with a warm ocean eddy
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DOI：
10.1175/mwr3005.1
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Pun, IF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin, II;Wu, CC;Pun, IF
了解海洋涡流与热带气旋的相互作用对于提高对热带气旋强度变化的理解和预测至关重要。这里对 2003 年最强烈的热带气旋超级台风 Maemi 与北太平洋西部的温暖海洋涡流之间的相互作用进行了调查。 2003年9月，前美在经过西北太平洋北纬22度涡流丰富区时，直接掠过一个显着的（700公里×500公里）暖海洋涡流。对卫星测高和联合台风预警中心最佳轨迹数据的分析表明，在前海涡遭遇的36小时内，前海涡强度（1分钟持续风力）从41 m s(-1)猛增至峰值77 m s(-1)。湄美随后摧毁了朝鲜半岛南部。根据飓风强度耦合预测系统和卫星微波海面温度观测的结果，表明暖涡流在台风和更深的海洋冷水之间起到了有效的绝缘体的作用。由于暖涡中存在较厚的上层海洋混合层，台风自致海面温度降温受到抑制，阻止了更深的冷水被夹带到上层海洋混合层中。使用耦合飓风强度预测系统进行模拟时，涡流信息的结合使 Maemi 的强度演变有了明显的改善，其峰值强度增加了一级，并在较长一段时间内（36 小时）保持在 5 级强度。如果没有温暖海洋涡流的存在，强化速度就会慢一些。这项研究可以作为北太平洋西部台风与暖海洋涡流相互作用这一主要推测性和未经探索领域的起点。鉴于北太平洋西部存在丰富的海洋涡流和强烈的台风，这些结果凸显了系统、深入研究台风与北太平洋西部涡流之间相互作用的重要性。
Understanding the interaction of ocean eddies with tropical cyclones is critical for improving the understanding and prediction of the tropical cyclone intensity change. Here an investigation is presented of the interaction between Supertyphoon Maemi, the most intense tropical cyclone in 2003, and a warm ocean eddy in the western North Pacific. In September 2003, Maemi passed directly over a prominent (700 km X 500 km) warm ocean eddy when passing over the 22 degrees N eddy-rich zone in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Analyses of satellite altimetry and the best-track data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center show that during the 36 h of the Maemi-eddy encounter, Maemi's intensity (in 1-min sustained wind) shot up from 41 m s(-1) to its peak of 77 m s(-1). Maemi subsequently devastated the southern Korean peninsula. Based on results from the Coupled Hurricane Intensity Prediction System and satellite microwave sea surface temperature observations, it is suggested that the warm eddies act as an effective insulator between typhoons and the deeper ocean cold water. The typhoon's self-induced sea surface temperature cooling is suppressed owing to the presence of the thicker upper-ocean mixed layer in the warm eddy, which prevents the deeper cold water from being entrained into the upper-ocean mixed layer. As simulated using the Coupled Hurricane Intensity Prediction System, the incorporation of the eddy information yields an evident improvement on Maemi's intensity evolution, with its peak intensity increased by one category and maintained at category-5 strength for a longer period (36 h) of time. Without the presence of the warm ocean eddy, the intensification is less rapid. This study can serve as a starting point in the largely speculative and unexplored field of typhoon-warm ocean eddy interaction in the western North Pacific. Given the abundance of ocean eddies and intense typhoons in the western North Pacific, these results highlight the importance of a systematic and in-depth investigation of the interaction between typhoons and western North Pacific eddies.