Ethical Implications and Accountability of Algorithms
Ethical Implications and Accountability of Algorithms
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DOI：
10.1007/s10551-018-3921-3
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Martin, Kirsten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin, Kirsten
算法默默地构建我们的生活。算法可以确定某人是否被雇用，晋升，提供贷款或提供住房，以及确定消费者看到哪些政治广告和新闻文章。然而，算法在这些重要决策中的责任并不明确。本文确定了开发人员是否对他们的算法在以后的使用中负责，这些公司负责什么，以及这种责任的规范基础。我将算法概念化为承载价值的，而不是中立的，因为算法创造道德后果，加强或削弱道德原则，并实现或减少利益相关者的权利和尊严。此外，算法是道德决策的重要参与者，并影响这些决策中的角色和责任的委派。因此，公司不仅应该对算法的价值负载负责，还应该对算法决策中的谁做什么负责。因此，开发算法的公司负责设计个人在随后的算法决策中可以扮演多大的角色。与当前的论点相反，我发现，如果一个算法的设计是为了防止个人在决策中承担责任，那么算法的设计者应该对使用中的算法的道德影响负责。
Algorithms silently structure our lives. Algorithms can determine whether someone is hired, promoted, offered a loan, or provided housing as well as determine which political ads and news articles consumers see. Yet, the responsibility for algorithms in these important decisions is not clear. This article identifies whether developers have a responsibility for their algorithms later in use, what those firms are responsible for, and the normative grounding for that responsibility. I conceptualize algorithms as value-laden, rather than neutral, in that algorithms create moral consequences, reinforce or undercut ethical principles, and enable or diminish stakeholder rights and dignity. In addition, algorithms are an important actor in ethical decisions and influence the delegation of roles and responsibilities within these decisions. As such, firms should be responsible not only for the value-laden-ness of an algorithm but also for designing who-does-what within the algorithmic decision. As such, firms developing algorithms are accountable for designing how large a role individual will be permitted to take in the subsequent algorithmic decision. Counter to current arguments, I find that if an algorithm is designed to preclude individuals from taking responsibility within a decision, then the designer of the algorithm should be held accountable for the ethical implications of the algorithm in use.