Strong Contrast in Remote Black Carbon Aerosol Loadings Between the Atlantic and Pacific Basins
Strong Contrast in Remote Black Carbon Aerosol Loadings Between the Atlantic and Pacific Basins
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大西洋和太平洋盆地之间偏远黑碳气溶胶负荷的强烈对比
DOI：
10.1029/2018jd029206
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Schwarz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Katich;B. Samset;T. Bui;M. Dollner;K. Froyd;P. Campuzano‐Jost;B. Nault;J. Schroder;B. Weinzierl;J. Schwarz
在遥远的空气中的黑碳（BC）气溶胶质量浓度的测量是稀疏的，导致模型难以代表的约束条件差的地区。在这里，我们提出了一个新的数据集的BC浓度在遥远的太平洋和大西洋盆地从80 N到65°S的纬度，这是获得的一部分，美国宇航局的大气断层扫描活动在2016年7月/8月。100多个垂直剖面，从平均海平面以上0.2至13公里的高度延伸，揭示了两个盆地之间的负载的鲜明对比。在太平洋上空，我们发现平均BC浓度垂直分布与2011年获得的季节性匹配数据基本一致。在大西洋对流层中低层观测到的负荷比太平洋高得多，这可能是由于该盆地热带地区的强区域源和对流去除减少。大西洋和太平洋的BC浓度在对流层上部和平流层下部会聚，反映了相似的高海拔背景浓度。大西洋数据与观测和模型套件（第二阶段）之间的气溶胶比较的比较通过量化对流层上层模型高偏差在宽纬度带上高达两个数量级，加强了以前对远程集合的推测。然而，这些直接的BC测量结果显示，观测和模型之间的气溶胶比较，在非洲大陆的流出物中，生物质燃烧BC的估计被低估了近5倍。在8月份，这个高BC负荷区域可能主导了BC对太平洋和大西洋盆地偏远地区的直接辐射效应。
Measurements of black carbon (BC) aerosol mass concentration in remote air are sparse, leading to poorly constrained regions that models struggle to represent. Here we present a new data set of BC concentration over the remote Pacific and Atlantic basins from 80 N to 65°S latitude that was obtained as part of NASA's Atmospheric Tomography campaign in July/August 2016. More than 100 vertical profiles, extending from ~0.2 to 13 km altitude above mean sea level, reveal sharp contrasts in loadings between the two basins. Over the Pacific, we found average BC concentration vertical profiles to be largely consistent with seasonally matched data obtained in 2011. Substantially higher loads were observed over the Atlantic in the low to middle troposphere than in the Pacific, likely due to strong regional sources and reduced convective removal in the tropics in this basin. Atlantic and Pacific BC concentrations converge in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, reflecting similar high‐altitude background concentrations. Comparison of the Atlantic data to the Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models suite of models (Phase II) reinforces previous speculation about the ensemble in the remote by quantifying an upper‐troposphere model‐high‐bias of as much as two orders of magnitude over wide latitude bands. However, these direct BC measurements reveal Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models ensemble underestimation of biomass burning BC in the outflow of continental Africa by nearly a factor of 5. This high‐BC loading region likely dominates BC's direct radiative effect over remote areas of the Pacific and Atlantic basins during the month of August.
垂直分辨飞机观测黑碳对气候模型中气溶胶过程的限制
DOI：
10.5194/acpd-13-437-2013
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
--
影响因子：
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作者：
Kipling Z
通讯作者：
Kipling Z