Airborne and ground-based measurements of the trace gases and particles emitted by prescribed fires in the United States
Airborne and ground-based measurements of the trace gases and particles emitted by prescribed fires in the United States
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-11-12197-2011
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Weise, D. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burling, I. R.;Yokelson, R. J.;Weise, D. R.
我们测量了19种痕量气体和颗粒物（PM2.5）的排放因子，从14个规定的火灾在查帕拉尔和橡树稀树草原在美国西南部，以及针叶林林下在美国东南部和加州的Sierra内华达州山脉。这些可能是迄今为止对温带生物质燃烧的最广泛的排放因子实地测量，也是唯一公布的温带橡树稀树草原燃料的排放因子。这项研究有助于缩小温带火灾与热带生物质燃烧排放数据之间的差距。我们提出了第一个现场测量的生物质燃烧排放的乙醇醛，水相二次有机气溶胶形成的可能的前体。我们还测量了另一种水相二次有机气溶胶前体苯酚的排放量。我们的数据证实了以前的观察，城市沉积物可以影响氮氧化物的排放因子，从而随后羽化学。对于两起火灾，我们测量了我们的机载平台的对流烟羽的排放量和我们的地面平台的未放样的残余阴燃燃烧排放量。从残留阴燃燃烧的烟雾的特点是排放因子的碳氢化合物和含氧有机物种高达10倍以上，比在阁楼羽流，包括高1，3-丁二烯和异戊二烯的浓度没有观察到阁楼羽流。在模拟烟雾在地面扩散对空气质量的影响时，应考虑到这一点。我们还表明，经常被忽视的未放样排放量可以显着影响总排放量的估计。初步证据表明，在残留的阴燃烟雾中有大量的单萜排放。这些数据应有助于提高模拟生物量燃烧对类似温带生态系统影响的能力。
We have measured emission factors for 19 trace gas species and particulate matter (PM2.5) from 14 prescribed fires in chaparral and oak savanna in the southwestern US, as well as conifer forest understory in the southeastern US and Sierra Nevada mountains of California. These are likely the most extensive emission factor field measurements for temperate biomass burning to date and the only published emission factors for temperate oak savanna fuels. This study helps to close the gap in emissions data available for temperate zone fires relative to tropical biomass burning. We present the first field measurements of the biomass burning emissions of glycolaldehyde, a possible precursor for aqueous phase secondary organic aerosol formation. We also measured the emissions of phenol, another aqueous phase secondary organic aerosol precursor. Our data confirm previous observations that urban deposition can impact the NOx emission factors and thus subsequent plume chemistry. For two fires, we measured both the emissions in the convective smoke plume from our airborne platform and the unlofted residual smoldering combustion emissions with our ground-based platform. The smoke from residual smoldering combustion was characterized by emission factors for hydrocarbon and oxygenated organic species that were up to ten times higher than in the lofted plume, including high 1,3-butadiene and isoprene concentrations which were not observed in the lofted plume. This should be considered in modeling the air quality impacts for smoke that disperses at ground level. We also show that the often ignored unlofted emissions can significantly impact estimates of total emissions. Preliminary evidence suggests large emissions of monoterpenes in the residual smoldering smoke. These data should lead to an improved capacity to model the impacts of biomass burning in similar temperate ecosystems.