Travel and the built environment - A synthesis
Travel and the built environment - A synthesis
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DOI：
10.3141/1780-10
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cervero, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ewing, R;Cervero, R
通过改变建筑环境来缓和交通需求的潜力是最近50多项实证研究的主题。对最近的大部分研究进行了总结。然后，从选定的研究中得出旅行需求相对于密度、多样性、设计和区域可达性的弹性。这些弹性值在旅行预测和草图规划中可能很有用，并已被纳入一个草图规划工具，即环境保护局的智能增长指数模型。在权衡证据时，关于建成环境对关键交通“结果”变量的影响，可以肯定地说什么：出行频率、出行长度、方式选择，以及出行需求、车辆行驶里程(VMT)和车辆行驶小时数(VHT)的综合衡量标准？最近，出行频率引起了相当大的学术兴趣。它们似乎主要是旅行者的社会经济特征的函数，其次是建筑环境的函数。出行长度受到的关注相对较少，这可能解释了最近的研究中对建筑环境的不同程度的重要性。出行长度主要是建筑环境的函数，其次是社会经济特征的函数。在过去的几十年里，模式选择得到了最深入的研究。模式的选择既取决于建筑环境，也取决于社会经济(尽管它们可能更多地取决于后者)。对整体VMT或VHT的研究发现，建筑环境的影响要大得多，这是计算VMT和VHT时考虑的不同行程长度的产物。
The potential to moderate travel demand through changes in the built environment is the subject of more than 50 recent empirical studies. The majority of recent studies are summarized. Elasticities of travel demand with respect to density, diversity, design, and regional accessibility are then derived from selected studies. These elasticity values may be useful in travel forecasting and sketch planning and have already been incorporated into one sketch planning tool, the Environmental Protection Agency's Smart Growth Index model. In weighing the evidence, what can be said, with a degree of certainty, about the effects of built environments on key transportation "outcome" variables: trip frequency, trip length, mode choice, and composite measures of travel demand, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and vehicle hours traveled (VHT)? Trip frequencies have attracted considerable academic interest of late. They appear to be primarily a function of socioeconomic characteristics of travelers and secondarily a function of the built environment. Trip lengths have received relatively little attention, which may account for the various degrees of importance attributed to the built environment in recent studies. Trip lengths are primarily a function of the built environment and secondarily a function of socioeconomic characteristics. Mode choices have received the most intensive study over the decades. Mode choices depend on both the built environment and socioeconomics (although they probably depend more on the latter). Studies of overall VMT or VHT find the built environment to be much more significant, a product of the differential trip lengths that factor into calculations of VMT and VHT.