GnRH, anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--where are we?
GnRH, anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--where are we?
复制标题
GnRH、嗅觉缺失和促性腺激素低下性性腺功能减退症——我们在哪里？
DOI：
10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.09.004
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发表时间：
2015-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Wray S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forni PE;Wray S
促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH) 神经元起源于鼻基板，并在产前发育期间迁移到大脑中。一旦进入大脑，这些细胞就成为下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的组成部分，对生殖功能至关重要。该系统的破坏会导致低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症 (HH)。与嗅觉丧失相关的 HH 在临床上被定义为卡尔曼综合征 (KS)。最近对发育中的鼻区域进行的研究为不同物种中负责该系统发育的细胞组成、细胞相互作用和分子线索提供了新的线索。这篇综述讨论了一些发育方面、动物模型以及我们对影响 GnRH 的病理学理解的当前进展。此外，我们还讨论了神经嵴衍生物（例如嗅觉系统神经胶质细胞和颅面结构）的发育如何控制 GnRH 发育和生殖功能。
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons originate the nasal placode and migrate into the brain during prenatal development. Once within the brain, these cells become integral components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, essential for reproductive function. Disruption of this system causes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). HH associated with anosmia is clinically defined as Kallman syndrome (KS). Recent work examining the developing nasal region has shed new light on cellular composition, cell interactions and molecular cues responsible for the development of this system in different species. This review discusses some developmental aspects, animal models and current advancements in our understanding of pathologies affecting GnRH. In addition we discuss how development of neural crest derivatives such as the glia of the olfactory system and craniofacial structures control GnRH development and reproductive function.