Ixodidas brasileiros e de alguns paizes limitrophes
Ixodidas brasileiros e de alguns paizes limitrophes
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巴西硬蜱
DOI：
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发表时间：
1936
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. D. B. Aragão
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. D. B. Aragão
关于硬蜱科的知识变得越来越重要，因为它们可以传播给人类和动物的疾病越来越多。在巴西，除了将密螺旋体病、梨形虫病和无形体病传播给几种家畜外，蜱虫还负责传播巴西落基山斑疹热（A。cajennense和Amblyomma striatum），它们也可以携带黄热病病毒，甚至在实验室实验中传播黄热病病毒（A. cajennense，O. rostratus）。巴西蜱动物区系规模较小，属于Argas、Ornithodoros、Ixodes、Haemaphysalis、Rhipicephalus、Boophilus、Amblyomma和Spaelaeorhynchus属的物种不超过45个。Amblyomma属是最具代表性的一种，在巴西已知的所有蜱物种中占67%。其中最重要的物种在Amblyomma cajennense由于其丰富和广泛寄生在许多脊椎动物：爬行动物，鸟类和哺乳动物，包括人，谁是很多攻击的幼虫，若虫和成虫的这种物种。其他攻击人类的蜱虫是森林中的巴西钝眼蜱（Amblyomma brasiliense）和鸟类，特别是鸟类。O. rostratus和brasiliensis。其他物种可以咬的人，但只是偶尔，像Amblyomma fossum，纹状体，oblongogutatum等Argas persicus，Rhipicephalus sanguineus和牛蜱是非常重要的物种，不仅作为寄生虫，但特别是因为他们传播几种疾病的动物。巴西野生动物身上的一些蜱虫现在也是家养动物的寄生虫，反之亦然。波斯阿尔加变种异种螺旋体在家禽中非常常见，并传播鹅密螺旋体（鸡密螺旋体）。微小牛蜱（Boophilus microplus）是我国家养和野生反刍动物（牛、鹿、马扎马等）的主要寄生虫。也可在马、狗、猫、同色猫等身上发现，并传播给牛梨形虫病和无形体病。血红扇头蜱（Rhipicephalus sanguineus）是一种引进的物种，现在在全国范围内的狗身上很常见。作者建议给一些巴西蜱取一些通俗的名字，以便让非科学界人士更好地了解它们。作者给出了硬蜱总科的分类和巴西蜱种的检索表。他创造了一个新的家庭nuttalielidae如此有趣的蜱，描述了由贝德福德与nuttaliella namaqua在南非，一个新的变种argas persicus，argas persicus var.异形新变种这是由于椎弓根的节段以及椎弓根周围骨的大小和形态不同。他还描述了Amblyomma fuscum Nn的雌性。作者根据自己和其他作者的研究，对巴西蜱的生物学、生活条件和寄生性进行了大量的研究，特别是对波斯蜱Argas persicus、喙胸鸟蛛Ornithodoros rostratus、巴西扁虱O.巴西钝眼蜱、微小牛蜱、血红扇头蜱、卡氏钝眼蜱、巴西钝眼蜱A. pseudoconcolor，拟同色A. auriculare、耳叶甲A.圆形的（= A. agamum）等的孤雌生殖。rotundatum（A. agamum），他在1912年首次描述，并提供了许多参考其他物种的巴西蜱，畸形形式等，他还提供了详细的报告，地理分布的巴西蜱和其寄生的特殊条件。本文的最后一部分涉及南美洲一些共和国，即阿根廷、玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、巴拉圭和委内瑞拉的蜱类。龟扁眼蕈甲Amblyomma testudinis Conil、龟扁眼蕈甲A. 1902年（= A. furcula Donitz 1909）和A. parvitarsum Nn. 1899（= A. altiplanum Dios（1917），仅在阿根廷发现。它是一个特殊的参考书目处理巴西蜱和四个文本数字和一个板块。
The knowledge of the Ixodidae becomes every day, more and more important owing to the fact of the increasing number of diseases of man and animals they can transmit. In Brasil besides transmitting treponemosis, piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis to several domestic animals, the ticks are also responsible fo the transmission of the brazilian rocky mountain spotted fever (A. cajennense and Amblyomma striatum) and they can also harbour the virus of the yellow fever and even to transmit it in laboratory experiments (A. cajennense, O. rostratus). The Brazilian fauna of ticks is a small one and has no more than 45 well-established species belonging to the genus Argas, Ornithodoros, Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Rhipicephalus, Boophilus, Amblyomma and Spaelaeorhynchus. The genus Amblyomma is the best represented one, with 67% of all species of ticks known in Brazil. One of the most important species in the Amblyomma cajennense owing to its abundance and its wide parasitism in many vertebrates: reptiles, birds and mammals, incluing man, who is much attacked by the larva, the nymph and the adult of this species. The other ticks who attack the man are the Amblyomma brasiliense (the pecari tick), in the forests, and the Ornithodoros, especially the species. O. rostratus and brasiliensis. Other species can bite the man, but only occasionally, like Amblyomma fossum, striatum, oblongogutatum etc. Argas persicus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Boophilus are very important species not only as parasites but specially because they transmit several diseases to animals. Some of the ticks of the brazilian wild animals are now also parasites of the domestic ones and vice-versa. Arga persicus var. dissimilis is very common among the poultry and transmits the Treponema anserinum (gallinarum). Boophilus microplus is very abundant on our domestic and wild ruminants (Bos, Cervus, Mazama etc.) and can also ben found on horse, dogs, Felis onca, Felis concolor etc., and it transmits to cattle piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (an introduced species) is now very common on the dog, over all the country. The author recommend to give popular names to some brazilian ticks in order to make them more acquainted with the non scientific people. The author gives a classification of the superfamilia Ixoidoidea and keys to the determination of the different species of brazilian ticks. He creates a new family of Nuttallielidae to the so interesting tick, described by Bedford with the name of Nuttaliella namaqua in South Africa, a new variety of Argas persicus, the Argas persicus var. dissimilis nov. var. owing to the differences on the segment and on the size and morphology of the peritrema. He describes also the female of Amblyomma fuscum Nn. A great part of the author's work deals with the biology, life conditions and parasitism of many of the brazilian ticks in accordance with his personal and from other author's researches, especially in reference to Argas persicus, Ornithodoros rostratus, O. brasiliensis, Boophilus microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma cajennense, A. pseudoconcolor, A. auriculare, A. rotundatum (= A. agamum) etc. The author gives a detailed report upon the parthenogenesis of A. rotundatum (A. agamum) that he first described in 1912 and gives also many references to other species of brazilian ticks, to teratological forms etc. He also gives a detailed report of the geographical distribution of brazilian ticks and of the peculiar conditions of its parasitism. The last part of this article deals with references to the species of ticks of some of the South American Republics namely Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay and Venezuela. Amblyomma testudinis Conil, A. neumanni Ribaga 1902 (= A. furcula Donitz 1909) and A. parvitarsum Nn. 1899 (= A. altiplanum Dios 1917), are found only in Argentina. It is given a special bibliography dealing with the brazilian ticks and four text figures and one plate.