Requirements and reliability of AI in the medical context.

Requirements and reliability of AI in the medical context.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.02.024
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发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
El Naqa I
El Naqa I
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Balagurunathan Y;Mitchell R;El Naqa I

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数字信息时代一直是人工智能(AI)方法重新引起人们兴趣的催化剂,特别是计算机算法的子类,这些算法通常被归类为机器学习(ML)。这些方法使人们能够超越有限的人类认知能力,理解高维数据的复杂性。医学科学已经看到了这些方法的稳定使用,但在改善病人护理方面的采用速度缓慢。有一些重要的障碍削弱了这一努力,其中包括用于模型构建的精选的不同数据集的可用性,这些模型的可靠的人类水平解释,以及这些方法在常规临床使用中的可靠再现性。考虑到数据/模型构建工作、临床实施、转化工作的集成成本以及最小的患者水平伤害,这些方面中的每一个都有几个需要平衡的限制条件,这可能直接影响未来的临床采用。在这篇综述论文中,我们将在肿瘤学中可靠使用ML方法的背景下评估问题的各个方面,作为一个代表性的研究案例,目的是保障效用并改善一般医学中的患者护理。
The digital information age has been a catalyst in creating a renewed interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches, especially the subclass of computer algorithms that are popularly grouped into Machine Learning (ML). These methods have allowed one to go beyond limited human cognitive ability into understanding the complexity in the high dimensional data. Medical sciences have seen a steady use of these methods but have been slow in adoption to improve patient care. There are some significant impediments that have diluted this effort, which include availability of curated diverse data sets for model building, reliable human-level interpretation of these models, and reliable reproducibility of these methods for routine clinical use. Each of these aspects has several limiting conditions that need to be balanced out, considering the data/model building efforts, clinical implementation, integration cost to translational effort with minimal patient level harm, which may directly impact future clinical adoption. In this review paper, we will assess each aspect of the problem in the context of reliable use of the ML methods in oncology, as a representative study case, with the goal to safeguard utility and improve patient care in medicine in general.
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