Astrometric confirmation of young low-mass binaries and multiple systems in the Chamaeleon star-forming regions

Astrometric confirmation of young low-mass binaries and multiple systems in the Chamaeleon star-forming regions
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Chamaeleon 恒星形成区年轻低质量双星和多个系统的天体测量确认

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201118410
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
arXiv: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mugrauer M.
Mugrauer M.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vogt N;Schmidt T.O.B;Neuhäuser R;Bedalov A;Roell T;Seifahrt A;Mugrauer M.

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Chamaeleon(Cha)中的恒星形成区是最近的恒星形成区之一。(距离~ 165 pc)和最年轻的(年龄~ 200万年)新形成恒星的聚集体,是研究星星形成过程的理想目标。方法我们在Paranal天文台的甚大望远镜单元望远镜(UT)4 / YEPUN上使用自适应光学仪器Naos-Conica(纳科),在2-5个不同的时期,以便获得相对和绝对天体测量,以及J、H和K波段的微分测光。在已知自行和这些观测的基础上,我们分析了自行图中的天体测量结果(PMD:角分离/位置角相对于时间),以消除可能的(非移动)背景恒星,建立共同移动的双星和多星,并寻找曲率作为轨道运动的指标。结果所有以前建议的密切组成部分是共同的,角距在0.07到9角秒之间,对应于6-845 Au的投影距离。其中13颗恒星至少是双星,其余3颗(RX J0919.4-7738,RX J0952.7-7933,VW Cha)被证实是高阶多星系统,最多有4个组成部分。在13个案例中,我们发现了PMD的显著斜率,这与轨道运动的周期(从观测到的位置角梯度估计)范围从60到550年是一致的。然而,在只有四种情况下,有迹象表明,一个弯曲的轨道,最终证明的引力bond.ConclusionsA统计研究的基础上2 MASS目录证实了高概率的所有16个恒星系统被引力约束。大多数次级成分的质量都远高于氢燃烧恒星的质量极限(0.08 M <$),并且质量是这个值的两倍或更多。质量大的一次成分似乎避免了同时形成质量相等的二次成分,而质量极低的二次成分则很难在高质量和低质量的一次成分中找到,这是因为二次成分的动态范围要大得多,而且很模糊。
ContextThe star-forming regions in Chamaeleon (Cha) are one of the nearest (distance  ~  165 pc) and youngest (age  ~  2 Myr) conglomerates of recently formed stars and the ideal target for population studies of star formation.AimsWe investigate a total of 16 Cha targets that have been suggested, but not confirmed, to be binaries or multiple systems in previous literature.MethodsWe used the adaptive optics instrument Naos-Conica (NACO) at the Very Large Telescope Unit Telescope (UT) 4 / YEPUN of the Paranal Observatory, at 2–5 different epochs, in order to obtain relative and absolute astrometric measurements, as well as differential photometry in theJ,H, andKband. On the basis of known proper motions and these observations, we analyse the astrometric results in our proper motion diagram (PMD: angular separation / position angle versus time), to eliminate possible (non-moving) background stars, establish co-moving binaries and multiples, and search for curvature as indications for orbital motion.ResultsAll previously suggested close components are co-moving and no background stars are found. The angular separations range between 0.07 and 9 arcsec, corresponding to projected distances between the components of 6–845 AU. Thirteen stars are at least binaries and the remaining three (RX J0919.4-7738, RX J0952.7-7933, VW Cha) are confirmed high-order multiple systems with up to four components. In 13 cases, we found significant slopes in the PMDs, which are compatible with orbital motion whose periods (estimated from the observed gradients in the position angles) range from 60 to 550 years. However, in only four cases there are indications of a curved orbit, the ultimate proof of a gravitational bond.ConclusionsA statistical study based on the 2MASS catalogue confirms the high probability of all 16 stellar systems being gravitationally bound. Most of the secondary components are well above the mass limit of hydrogen burning stars (0.08M⊙), and have masses twice as high as this value or more. Massive primary components appear to avoid the simultaneous formation of equal-mass secondary components, while extremely low-mass secondary components are hard to find for both high and low mass primaries owing to the much higher dynamic range and the faintness of the secondaries.
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