Comparing Products and Production in Ecological and Industrial Systems
Comparing Products and Production in Ecological and Industrial Systems
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比较生态系统和工业系统中的产品和生产
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Levine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Levine
生态系统和工业系统有很多共同点。这两个系统的特点都是组件之间的物质和能量流动，都包含使用能量转化材料的组件，并且都包含能量和物质流动调节相互作用，例如竞争和互利共生。这些共同特征反映在工业生态学核心的“工业系统就是生态系统”的隐喻中。与此同时，两个系统之间也存在重大差异。产品，即用有价值的东西交换的商品和服务，是工业系统的特征，但在生态系统中相对较少。产品的流行导致两个系统之间存在许多其他有趣的差异，其中一些差异可能会限制生态系统作为工业系统规范模型的价值。
Ecological systems and industrial systems have much in common. Both systems are characterized by flows of material and energy between components, both contain components that use energy to transform materials, and both contain energy‐and material flow‐regulating interactions such as competition and mutualism. These shared traits are reflected in the metaphor “an industrial system is an ecological system” that is central to industrial ecology. At the same time, critical differences exist between the two systems. Products, that is, goods and services exchanged for something of value, are characteristic of industrial systems, but relatively rare in ecological systems. This prevalence of products leads to a number of other interesting differences between the two systems, some of which might limit the value of ecological systems as prescriptive models for industrial systems.