Drug use, educational aspirations, and work force involvement: The transition from adolescence to young adulthood
Drug use, educational aspirations, and work force involvement: The transition from adolescence to young adulthood
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00911177
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发表时间：
1986-06
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
M. Newcomb;P. Bentler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Newcomb;P. Bentler
《美国社区心理学杂志》，1986年第14卷第3期：毒品使用、教育愿望和劳动力投入：从青春期到青年期的过渡》迈克尔·d·纽康姆和PM·本特勒加州大学洛杉矶分校研究了高中吸毒和学业潜力对高中成绩（毕业或辍学）、年轻人劳动力投入、大学投入和教育愿望的影响。对479名高中青少年的吸毒频率、平均成绩和教育计划进行了评估。四年后，同一组人，现在20岁出头，报告了他们目前的药物使用水平，目前的生活参与各种措施，以及他们是否从高中毕业。结果表明，从缺乏香烟和强烈的药物使用和高学术抱负的存在预测高中毕业。运用潜变量因果模型，发现高中学业潜能与吸毒呈负向显著相关。跨时间分析表明，高中学业潜力显著预测年轻人的教育愿望、大学参与和大学出勤率。高中吸毒显著预测了青少年吸毒、缺乏大学参与和增加劳动力参与。这些结果不支持药物使用和学术潜力的心理成因假设，而是证实了能力受损或一般偏差解释。这项研究得到了国家药物滥用研究所DA01070基金的部分支持。感谢Julie Speckart， Arthur Palisoc和Sandy Yu的协助。2A11信件应发送至Michael Newcomb，心理学系，加州大学洛杉矶分校，加州90024。中学毕业后和青春期是确立职业方向、独立于家庭、参与各种成人角色（如配偶、父母、供养者）的关键时期。许多人选择在大学继续他们的教育，以获得专业职位所需的技能。另一些人则放弃正规的教育追求，立即开始参加工作。另一群人在大学里学习课程，为职业生涯做准备，同时做各种兼职工作。很有可能，这些重要的人生选择中的许多都是基于高中时已经存在的、有影响力的行为模式和兴趣。在本研究中，采用纵向数据来检验吸毒和高中学业潜力对青少年吸毒、劳动力投入、大学投入和教育愿望的影响。各种研究发现，多种类型的药物使用与学习成绩下降（例如，平均成绩下降）和上大学的兴趣降低之间存在密切联系（例如，Bachman, Johnston, & O'Malley, 1981; Bry, McKeon, & Pandina, 1982; Mills & Noyes, 1984）。先前的研究试图检验有关青少年吸毒与学习成绩之间因果关系的理论。人们提出了三种不同的理论来解释这种经常被注意到的关系（例如，Brunswich & Messeri, 1984a）。第一种假设认为，吸毒是学习成绩差的结果，可以被视为一种应对或自我治疗因学习成绩差而产生的沮丧和痛苦的方式。这个理论……
American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1986 Drug Use, Educational Aspirations, and Work Force Involvement: The Transition from Adolescence to Young Adulthood'Michael D. Newcomb2 and PM Bentler University of California, Los Angeles The impact of high school drug use and academic potential on high school outcome (graduate or dropout) and young adult work force involvement, college involvement, and educational aspirations was examined. Frequency of drug use, grade point average, and educational plans were assessed for 479 adolescents while in high school. Four years later this same group of individuals, now in their early 20s, reported their current level of drug use, present life involvement on a variety of measures, and whether they had ever graduated from high school. Results indicate that high school graduation is predicted from a lack of cigarette and hard drug use and the presence of high academic aspirations. Using latent variable causal models, it was found that high school Academic Potential and Drug Use were significantly cor-related in a negative direction. Across-time analyses indicate that high school Academic Potential significantly predicted young adult Educational Aspira-tions, College Involvement, and college attendance. High school Drug Use significantly predicted young adult Drug Use, a lack of College Involvement, and increased Work Force Involvement. These results do not support a psychogenic hypothesis of drug use and academic potential but rather con-firm an impaired abilities or general deviance interpretation.'This research was partially supported by grant DA01070 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The assistance of Julie Speckart, Arthur Palisoc, and Sandy Yu is gratefully acknowledged. 2A11 correspondence should be sent to Michael Newcomb, Department of Psychology, Univer-sity of California, Los Angeles, California 90024. 303 0091-0562/86/0600-0303 $05.00/0 0 1986 Plenum Publishing Corporation Newcomb and Bentler The period of life following high school and adolescence is crucial for establishing career directions, independence from family, and participation in various adult roles (eg, spouse, parent, provider). Many choose to con-tinue their education in college to acquire skills necessary for professional positions. Others begin their work force involvement immediately, leaving behind formal educational pursuits. Another group takes courses in college to prepare for a professional career, while working part-time at various jobs. It is quite probable that many of these important life choices are based on patterns of behavior and interests already present and influential in high school. In this study, longitudinal data are used to examine the impact of drug use and academic potential displayed in high school on young adult drug use, work force involvement, college involvement, and educational aspirations. Various studies have found a strong association between numerous types of drug use and decreased scholastic performance (eg, grade point average) and less interest in going to college (eg, Bachman, Johnston, & O'Malley, 1981; Bry, McKeon, & Pandina, 1982; Mills & Noyes, 1984). Previous research has attempted to test theories regarding the causal relationship be-tween drug use and scholastic performance among adolescents. Three distinct theories have been offered to explain this often-noted relationship (eg, Brunswich & Messeri, 1984a). The first hypothesis suggests that drug use is a result of poor academic achievement and can be seen as a way to cope or self-medicate the frustration and distress resulting from poor school perfor-mance. This theory …