Gender differences in response to emotional stress: An assessment across subjective, behavioral, and physiological domains and relations to alcohol craving
Gender differences in response to emotional stress: An assessment across subjective, behavioral, and physiological domains and relations to alcohol craving
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00679.x
复制
发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Sinha, Rajita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chaplin, Tara M.;Hong, Kwangik;Sinha, Rajita
背景：女性和男性面临不同类型的压力相关障碍的风险，女性患抑郁和焦虑的风险更高，男性患酒精使用障碍的风险更高。目前的研究考察了对压力的情绪和酒精渴望反应的性别差异，这可能与障碍的性别差异有关。方法：健康的成年社交饮酒者（27名男性，27名女性）分别暴露于单独开发和校准的压力、酒精相关和中性放松的图像中，每次1个图像，在不同的日期和随机顺序。评估主观情绪、行为/身体反应、心血管觉醒[心率（HR）、血压（BP）]和自我报告的酒精渴望。结果：女性报告并表现出比男性更大的悲伤和焦虑，男性的舒张压反应比女性大。在酒精渴望、收缩压或HR方面没有观察到性别差异。主观、行为和心血管指标在两性中均存在相关性。然而，对于男性，而不是女性，酒精渴望与更大的主观情绪和在压力和酒精提示下的行为唤醒有关。结论：这些数据表明，男性和女性对压力的反应不同，女性经历更多的悲伤和焦虑，而男性表现出更多的奖励动机（渴望）和情绪压力系统的整合。这些发现揭示了压力相关障碍的性别差异，女性比男性更容易出现焦虑和抑郁，男性比女性更容易出现酒精使用障碍。
Background: Women and men are at risk for different types of stress-related disorders, with women at greater risk for depression and anxiety and men at greater risk for alcohol-use disorders. The present study examines gender differences in emotional and alcohol craving responses to stress that may relate to this gender divergence in disorders.Methods: Healthy adult social drinkers (27 men, 27 women) were exposed to individually developed and calibrated stressful, alcohol-related, and neutral-relaxing imagery, 1 imagery per session, on separate days and in random order. Subjective emotions, behavioral/bodily responses, cardiovascular arousal [heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP)], and self-reported alcohol craving were assessed.Results: Women reported and displayed greater sadness and anxiety following stress than men and men had greater diastolic BP response than women. No gender differences in alcohol craving, systolic BP or HR were observed. Subjective, behavioral, and cardiovascular measures were correlated in both genders. However, for men, but not women, alcohol craving was associated with greater subjective emotion and behavioral arousal following stress and alcohol cues.Conclusions: These data suggest that men and women respond to stress differently, with women experiencing greater sadness and anxiety, while men show a greater integration of reward motivation (craving) and emotional stress systems. These findings have implications for the gender-related divergence in vulnerability for stress-related disorders, with women at greater risk for anxiety and depression than men, and men at greater risk for alcohol-use disorders than women.