Speleoseismology: A critical perspective
Speleoseismology: A critical perspective
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DOI：
10.1007/s10950-006-9017-z
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发表时间：
2006-09
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
A. Becker;C. A. Davenport;U. Eichenberger;É. Gilli;P. Jeannin;C. Lacave
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Becker;C. A. Davenport;U. Eichenberger;É. Gilli;P. Jeannin;C. Lacave
洞穴地震学是研究洞穴中的地震记录。在破碎的洞穴沉积物、洞穴沉积物的生长异常、洞穴沉积物变形构造、沿着断裂的位移和层面滑动、增加（岩石崩塌）和同震断层位移中可以看到痕迹。在可以证明地震起源的地方，这些痕迹构成了当地甚至区域地震活动的重要档案。然而，其他过程，可以产生相同或非常相似的变形特征，必须排除洞穴破坏可以解释为地震引起的。最敏感的，因此最有价值的追踪强烈地震震动洞穴是细长的洞穴堆积物，如苏打秸秆，和沉积层良好，水饱和的粉砂填充物，特别是在洞穴接近地球表面。不太容易证明的是，一个increase和其他形式的洞穴损坏的同震起源。洞穴中沉积物和冰填充物的载荷和蠕变运动会对洞穴沉积物造成严重破坏，而这些破坏经常被误解为地震的证据。对于地质档案中事件的定年，重要的是要证明这些事件发生在大致相同的时间，即在定年方法的误差范围内。一个强大的地震解释洞穴破坏只能通过采用适当的方法，直接测年的变形事件在洞穴档案结合事件的相关性，在其他地质档案的洞穴外，如湖泊和洪泛平原沉积物的变形，罗克瀑布和活动断层位移的位置。
Speleoseismology is the investigation of earthquake records in caves. Traces can be seen in broken speleothems, growth anomalies in speleothems, cave sediment deformation structures, displacements along fractures and bedding plane slip, incasion (rock fall) and co-seismic fault displacements. Where earthquake origins can be proven, these traces constitute important archives of local and even regional earthquake activity. However, other processes that can generate the same or very similar deformation features have to be excluded before cave damage can be interpreted as earthquake induced. Most sensitive and therefore most valuable for the tracing of strong earthquake shocks in caves are long and slender speleothems, such as soda straws, and deposits of well-bedded, water-saturated silty sand infillings, particularly in caves close to the earth's surface. Less easily proven is a co-seismic origin of an incasion and other forms of cave damage. The loads and creep movements of sediment and ice fillings in caves can cause severe damage to speleothems which have been frequently misinterpreted as evidence of earthquakes. For the dating of events in geological archives, it is important to demonstrate that such events happened at approximately the same time, i.e. within the error bars of the dating methods. A robust earthquake explanation for cave damage can only be achieved by the adoption of appropriate methods of direct dating of deformation events in cave archives combined with correlation of events in other geological archives outside caves, such as the deformation of lake and flood-plain deposits, locations of rock falls and active fault displacements.