Vertical transport evacuation modelling
Vertical transport evacuation modelling
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发表时间：
2011-09
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通讯作者：
M. Kinsey
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作者：
M. Kinsey
在任何高层建筑或地下/地铁站内，乘客往往严重依赖垂直交通工具(如自动扶梯、电梯等)在各层之间垂直移动。通常，这种设备提供了一种比同等楼梯更快、更舒适的出行方式。这种装置还为乘员出口提供了一种额外的手段。然而，在实际建筑物中使用这种装置进行疏散的规定很少。尽管世界各地有一些选定的建筑物允许在疏散情况下使用垂直运输设备，但人们对疏散垂直运输战略以及这种战略可能在多大程度上受到相关人为因素的影响知之甚少。本论文旨在解决这一认识上的不足。本文对实际疏散中垂直运输设备的疏散使用、建筑规范中的规定、分析人为因素的实证研究、在模拟环境中的表现以及对先前探索的操作策略的分析进行了深入的回顾。这篇综述提供了一系列广泛的研究问题，本论文旨在解决这些问题。通过在线调查和视频分析收集了与垂直运输设备使用相关的人为因素数据。数据分析指导了建筑EXODUS疏散软件中垂直运输设备模型和相关代理模型的开发。这些模型包括设备选择的表示、接近设备的本地条件的影响以及等待时间对设备选择的影响。所开发的模型已用于说明不同垂直运输策略的影响，以及这些策略在多大程度上受人为因素的影响。最后，本文总结了通过所做的工作所获得的理解。
Within any high-rise structure or underground/subway station, occupants often heavily rely on vertical transport devices (e.g. escalators, lifts, etc) to travel vertically between levels. Typically such devices provide a faster and more comfortable means to travel than the equivalent stairs. Such devices also provide an additional means for occupant egress. However, the provision for utilising such devices in actual buildings for evacuations is rare. Despite a select number of structures throughout the world allowing the use of vertical transport devices within evacuation scenarios, little is understood with regards to evacuation vertical transport strategies and to what extent such strategies may be influenced by associated human factors. This thesis is intended to address this lack of understanding. The thesis provides an in depth review of evacuation usage of vertical transport devices in actual evacuations, their provision in building codes, empirical studies analysing human factors, representation within simulated environments, and analysis of previously explored operational strategies. The review provides a broad set of research questions that the thesis is intended to address. Human factors data associated with vertical transport device usage have been collected via an online survey and video analysis. The data analysis has instructed the development of the vertical transport device models and associated agent models within the buildingEXODUS evacuation software. The models include the representation of device selection, the influence of local conditions in close proximity to a device, and the influence of wait time upon device selection. The developed models have been used to demonstrate the influence of different vertical transport strategies and to what extent such strategies are influenced by human factors. Finally, the thesis concludes by summarising the increased understanding achieved through the work presented.